Table 1 Frequency and distribution of different variables at baseline (phase VI) in patients with diabetes by sex
Variables | Total (n = 498) | Men (n = 236) | Women (n = 262) | P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | |||||
Age (year)†| 55.75 (10.31) | 56.84 (10.64) | 54.77 (9.93) | 0.025** | |
Educational level | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
| Â | Illiterate/primary | 111 (22.29) | 39 (16.53) | 72 (27.48) | 0.001 |
| Â | Secondary/diploma | 290 (58.23) | 137 (58.05) | 153 (58.40) | |
| Â | Academic | 97 (19.48) | 60 (25.42) | 37 (14.12) | |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
|  | Married | 432 (86.92) | 225 (95.34) | 207 (79.31) | < 0.001 |
| Â | Unmarried | 65 (13.08) | 11 (4.66) | 54 (20.69) | |
Job status | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
|  | Employed | 166 (33.40) | 146 (62.13) | 20 (7.63) | < 0.001 |
| Â | Unemployed | 331 (66.60) | 89 (37.87) | 242 (92.37) | |
Smoking status | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
|  | Current smoker | 47 (9.48) | 40 (17.02) | 7 (2.68) | < 0.001 |
| Â | Ex-smoker | 58 (11.69) | 56 (23.83) | 2 (0.77) | |
| Â | Non-smoker | 391 (78.83) | 139 (59.15) | 252 (96.55) | |
Leisure time physical activity | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
|  | Low (≤ 600 MET min/week) | 139 (52.06) | 58 (47.54) | 81 (55.86) | 0.175 |
|  | Moderate/High (> 600 MET min/week) | 128 (47.94) | 64 (52.46) | 64 (44.14) | |
Anthropometric indices†|  |  |  |  | |
|  | Body Mass Index, kg/m2 | 29.85 (5.00) | 28.68 (4.28) | 30.92 (5.36) | < 0.001** |
| Â | Waist circumference, cm | 99.74 (10.65) | 100.06 (10.57) | 99.45 (10.73) | 0.524** |
Blood pressure†|  |  |  |  | |
|  | Systolic, mmHg | 123.11 (17.56) | 125.91 (15.47) | 120.57 (18.94) | < 0.001** |
|  | Diastolic, mmHg | 79.94 (9.77) | 82.48 (9.28) | 77.64 (9.65) | < 0.001** |
Lipid profile†|  |  |  |  | |
| Â | Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 181.50 (44.43) | 177.47 (44.61) | 185.10 (44.04) | 0.056** |
|  | Triglyceride, mg/dl††| 151 (109.5) | 149 (119) | 151.5 (100) | 0.921£ |
| Â | LDL-C, mg/dl | 102.08 (37.05) | 100.46 (36.59) | 103.51 (37.47) | 0.368** |
|  | HDL-C, mg/dl | 44.64 (10.80) | 41.40 (10.47) | 47.53 (10.27) | < 0.001** |
Comorbidities (yes) | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
| Â | Hypertension | 138 (27.71) | 74 (31.36) | 64 (24.43) | 0.085 |
| Â | Cardiovascular disease | 122 (24.50) | 58 (24.58) | 64 (24.43) | 0.969 |
|  | Chronic kidney disease | 177 (35.69) | 60 (25.64) | 117 (44.66) | < 0.001 |
| Â | Dyslipidemia | 462 (92.96) | 219 (39.19) | 243 (92.75) | 0.847 |
Family history (yes) | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
| Â | Diabetes | 76 (15.67) | 24 (10.62) | 52 (20.08) | 0.004 |
| Â | Hypertension | 81 (16.74) | 33 (14.41) | 48 (18.82) | 0.194 |
| Â | Cardiovascular disease | 15 (3.02) | 5 (2.13) | 10 (3.83) | 0.269 |