Table 3 The association between socio-behavioral factors and changes of role physical (RP) using generalized estimating equation (GEE)

Age (year)

-0.05

0.08

0 0.528

-

-0.15

0.11

0.188

-

Sex (women)

-13.48

1.62

< 0.001

-10.89

2.10

< 0.001

-

-

Educational level

Illiterate/primary

Ref

-

-

Ref

-

-

Ref

-

-

Ref

-

-

Secondary/diploma

3.18

2.05

0.121

1.50

1.94

0.440

2.58

2.73

0.345

2.20

2.63

0.403

Academic

7.74

2.56

0.003

3.84

2.48

0.121

7.82

3.92

0.046

5.59

3.80

0.142

Marital status (unmarried)

-4.57

2.45

0.062

-

1.39

2.93

0.633

-

Job status (unemployed)

-9.25

1.74

< 0.001

-1.20

2.06

0.560

-2.14

4.88

0.660

-

Smoking status

Non-smoker

Ref

-

-

Ref

-

-

Ref

-

-

Ref

Ex-smoker

6.62

2.79

0.018

0.43

2.65

0.870

-6.61

11.58

0.568

-

Smoker

7.52

2.57

0.004

-0.70

2.81

0.803

8.83

11.58

0.217

-

Physical activity (high)

3.38

1.91

0.077

-

1.91

2.79

0.493

-

Anthropometric indices

Body Mass Index, kg/m²

-0.80

0.17

< 0.001

-0.51

0.16

0.002

-0.84

0.22

< 0.001

-0.84

0.22

< 0.001

Waist circumference, cm

-0.02

0.06

0.671

-

-0.06

0.10

0.576

-

Comorbidities (yes)

Hypertension

0.21

1.78

0.905

-

-2.96

2.72

0.275

-

Cardiovascular disease

-4.45

1.88

0.018

-4.03

1.78

0.024

-5.52

2.72

0.042

-5.10

2.62

0.052

Chronic kidney disease

-5.96

1.60

< 0.001

-3.33

1.60

0.038

-6.04

2.26

0.007

-5.59

2.24

0.013

Dyslipidemia

-4.14

3.02

0.170

-

-4.00

4.29

0.350

-

Family history (yes)

Diabetes

-0.43

1.93

0.822

-

1.42

2.55

0.577

-

Hypertension

1.49

1.98

0.452

-

2.96

2.67

0.268

-

Cardiovascular disease

-7.99

4.03

0.047

-5.69

3.96

0.151

-8.70

5.37

0.105

-