Table 2 Study population characteristics based on the case and control groups
From: Carbohydrate quality index and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Iranian adults
Variables | Non-NAFLD (n = 450) | NAFLD (n = 225) | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic data | Â | Â | Â |
Age, (year) | 37.88 ± 8.91 | 38.63 ± 8.71 | 0.296 |
Sex (male) | 51.8 | 55.6 | 0.354 |
Body mass index (Kg/m2) | 24.99 ± 3.09 | 30.56 ± 4.02 | < 0.001 |
Physical activity (MET/min/week) | 1590.3 ± 949.4 | 1119.0 ± 616.3 | < 0.001 |
Smoking (yes) | 2.7 | 7.1 | 0.006 |
Socio economic status |  |  | < 0.001 |
Low | 31.6 | 21.3 | Â |
Middle | 40.4 | 33.8 | Â |
High | 28.0 | 44.9 | Â |
Dietary intake | Â | Â | Â |
Energy intake (Kcal/d) | 2170.5 ± 625.4 | 2315.4 ± 606.5 | 0.004 |
Carbohydrate (% Kcal) | 55.90 ± 6.56 | 55.96 ± 7.41 | 0.913 |
Fat (% Kcal) | 30.83 ± 6.54 | 13.25 ± 2.21 | 0.939 |
Protein (% Kcal) | 13.25 ± 2.21 | 13.24 ± 2.46 | 0.924 |
fiber (g / 1000Kcal) | 15.86 ± 6.46 | 16.77 ± 8.33 | 0.013 |
Glycemic index | 58.74 ± 8.11 | 64.18 ± 8.29 | < 0.001 |
Whole-grain/total-grain | 0.21 ± 0.18 | 0.19 ± 0.15 | 0.055 |
SCHO /TCHO | 0.98 ± 0.01 | 0.97 ± 0.02 | < 0.001 |
Carbohydrate quality index | 22.93 ± 7.04 | 20.12 ± 6.46 | < 0.001 |