Table 3 Odds ratio (95% CI) of NAFLD across tertiles of CQI and its components

Carbohydrate quality index

Median score

15

22

30

Case/Total

103/247

80/230

42/198

Crude model

1.00 (Ref)

0.74 (0.51, 1.08)

0.37 (0.24, 0.57)

< 0.001

Model 1*

1.00 (Ref)

0.71 (0.49, 1.04)

0.35 (0.23, 0.54)

< 0.001

Model 2^†

1.00 (Ref)

0.44 (0.25, 0.76)

0.20 (0.11, 0.39)

< 0.001

Glycemic index

Median score

52.43

60.51

67.93

Case/Total

41/225

71/224

113/226

Crude model

1.00 (Ref)

2.08 (1.34, 3.23)

4.48 (2.92, 6.88)

< 0.001

Model 1*

1.00 (Ref)

2.08 (1.34, 3.23)

4.53 (2.95, 6.96)

< 0.001

Model 2^†

1.00 (Ref)

2.77 (1.46, 5.25)

7.47 (3.89, 14.33)

< 0.001

Fiber intake

Median score

20.55

32.01

51.83

Case/Total

65/225

75/225

85/225

Crude model

1.00 (Ref)

1.23 (0.82, 1.83)

1.49 (1.00, 2.21)

0.048

Model 1*

1.00 (Ref)

1.22 (0.82, 1.83)

1.46 (0.98, 2.17)

0.063

Model 2^†

1.00 (Ref)

1.04 (0.59, 1.85)

1.06 (0.56, 1.99)

0.865

Whole grain/total grains

Median score

0.05

0.15

0.37

Case/Total

77/225

77/224

71/226

Crude model

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (0.68, 1.47)

0.88 (0.59, 1.30)

0.482

Model 1*

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (0.67, 1.47)

0.86 (0.57, 1.27)

0.413

Model 2^†

1.00 (Ref)

1.26 (0.72, 2.20)

0.58 (0.33, 1.03)

0.027

SCHO /TCHO

Median score

0.97

0.98

0.99

Case/Total

107/225

61/224

57/226

Crude model

1.00 (Ref)

0.41 (0.27, 0.61)

0.37 (0.25, 0.55)

< 0.001

Model 1*

1.00 (Ref)

0.40 (0.27, 0.60)

0.35 (0.23, 0.53)

< 0.001

Model 2^†

1.00 (Ref)

0.54 (0.30, 0.94)

0.39 (0.22, 0.69)

0.001