Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of per SD increases of sex-related and thyroid-related hormones for risk of MAFLD in all T2DM patients

Sex-related hormones

Estradiol (E2, pmol/L)

0.922

0.761–1.116

0.402

0.855

0.675–1.083

0.194

Luteinizing hormone (LH, mIU/ml)

0.796

0.656–0.967

0.022*

0.985

0.959–1.012

0.269

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH, mIU/ml)

0.804

0.663–0.976

0.027*

0.994

0.979–1.010

0.484

Prolactin (PRL, mIU/L)

0.959

0.793–1.160

0.669

0.930

0.755–1.145

0.493

Progesterone (nmol/L)

0.763

0.598–0.975

0.031*

0.938

0.868–1.013

0.105

Total testosterone (TT, nmol/L)

0.864

0.711–1.050

0.142

0.939

0.879–1.003

0.061

Thyroid-related hormones

Free triiodothyronine (FT3, pmol/L)

1.452

1.139–1.851

0.003*

1.069

0.764–1.494

0.698

Free thyroxine (FT4, pmol/L)

1.103

0.904–1.347

0.333

0.987

0.730–1.336

0.934

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH, mIU/L)

1.483

0.911–2.414

0.113

1.469

0.792–2.726

0.222

Parathyroid hormone (PTH, ng/L)

1.164

0.932–1.454

0.181

1.072

0.800-1.438

0.640