Table 1 The educational content provided was as follows
Educational Content | Topics Covered |
|---|---|
Audio podcast, tutorial video, group discussion, photos with text messages | Initial definition of diabetes, diabetic needs, importance of self-care behaviors, acute and chronic side effects recognition |
Audio podcast, tutorial video, group discussion, send photos with text, send messages | Nutrition guidance: soluble fibers, fruits, whole grains, meal frequency increase, salad and low-calorie food usage, fruit juice avoidance, sugar-free drinks and desserts, whole wheat flour substitution, fish oil and niacin avoidance, fat intake reduction, daily water intake recommendation |
Audio podcast, tutorial video, group discussion, send photos with text, send messages | Diabetic foot care instructions: specialist visits, daily foot checks, protective shoe usage, foot hygiene practices like washing with lukewarm water and soap, drying feet properly, toenail trimming, appropriate socks and shoes selection |
Audio podcast, tutorial video, group discussion, send photos with text, send messages | Exercise guidelines: aerobic and anaerobic exercises explanation, optimal exercise timing and duration, exercise precautions and post-exercise care |
Group discussion by researchers and patients’ own company | An overview of the presented material |