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Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of individuals with lipodystrophy and age- and sex-matched controls in 2018–2019

From: Prevalence of clinical characteristics of lipodystrophy in the US adult population in a healthcare claims database

 

Non-HIV-LD individuals

n = 546

Matched controls from the all-adult cohort without HIV

n = 2184

P-value

HIV-LD individuals

n = 334

Matched controls from the people living with HIV cohort

n = 1336

P-value

Demographics

 Age in years, mean (SD)

60.3 (14.9)

60.3 (14.9)

1.00

59.2 (8.3)

59.2 (8.3)

1.00

 Age categories, years, %

  

1.00

  

1.00

  18–34

5.7

5.7

 

0.6

0.6

 

  35–49

16.8

16.8

 

8.7

8.7

 

  50–64

31.1

31.1

 

63.5

63.5

 

  ≥ 65

46.3

46.3

 

27.2

27.2

 

 Female, %

67.6

67.6

1.00

15.0

15.0

1.00

 Race/ethnicity, %

  

 < 0.001

  

0.003

  Non-Hispanic Asian

4.6

4.1

 

1.8

1.5

 

  Non-Hispanic Black

20.0

9.0

 

17.4

26.0

 

  Non-Hispanic White

53.8

60.9

 

56.9

49.5

 

  Hispanic

9.2

11.0

 

14.1

10.6

 

  Unknown

12.5

15.0

 

9.9

12.4

 

 Insurance type, %

  

 < 0.001

  

0.31

  Commercial plan

31.9

47.9

 

43.4

40.2

 

  Medicare Advantage plan

68.1

52.1

 

56.6

59.8

 

Healthcare utilization, %

 Number of hospitalizations

  

 < 0.001

  

0.80

  0

63.4

85.5

 

76.9

75.4

 

  1

18.7

10.2

 

13.8

15.2

 

  ≥ 2

17.9

4.3

 

9.3

9.4

 

 Number of ED visits, %

  

 < 0.001

  

0.51

  0

46.2

72.1

 

60.8

57.3

 

  1

24.2

15.9

 

18.3

20.0

 

  ≥ 2

29.7

12.0

 

21.0

22.8

 

 Number of outpatient visits, %

  

 < 0.001

  

 < 0.001

  0–9

6.4

36.3

 

7.8

18.7

 

  ≥ 10

93.6

63.7

 

92.2

81.3

 

Clinical characteristics, %

 Metabolic comorbidities/complications

  Hypertension

73.8

44.0

 < 0.001

68.6

59.7

0.004

  Hyperlipidemia

69.4

40.6

 < 0.001

75.7

55.9

 < 0.001

  Diabetes

53.7

19.7

 < 0.001

31.1

24.9

0.02

  MASLD/MASH

7.0

2.2

 < 0.001

3.6

3.2

0.86

  AMI

3.3

1.4

0.004

3.0

2.7

0.91

  Liver fibrosis/cirrhosis

2.2

0.5

 < 0.001

3.3

2.8

0.80

  Acute pancreatitis

1.3

0.3

0.01

0.0

0.7

0.22

 Autoimmune diseases

  Rheumatoid arthritis

4.9

1.8

 < 0.001

0.9

0.9

1.00

  Autoimmune thyroiditis

2.4

0.7

0.002

0.6

0.1

0.18

  SLE

1.6

0.3

0.01

0.3

0.2

1.00

 Cancer

  Any cancera

12.8

6.3

 < 0.001

10.2

8.7

0.45

  Breast cancer

4.9

2.0

 < 0.001

0.6

0.4

0.63

  Prostate cancer

2.6

1.1

0.02

2.1

2.5

0.78

  Lymphoma

0.5

0.5

1.00

1.5

0.9

0.36

 Other

  Serious infectionsb resulting in hospitalization

14.7

5.4

 < 0.001

10.8

11.2

0.89

  Kidney diseasec

26.7

11.6

 < 0.001

28.1

23.1

0.06

  Elixhauser index

6.5 (4.1)

3.2 (3.5)

 < 0.001

6.1 (3.7)

5.5 (3.8)

0.01

  1. Abbreviations: AMI Acute myocardial infarction, ED Emergency department, HIV-LD Lipodystrophy associated with HIV, LD Lipodystrophy, MASLD Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, MASH Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, non-HIV-LD Lipodystrophy not associated with HIV, SD Standard deviation, SLE Systemic lupus erythematosus
  2. aAny cancer excludes non-melanoma skin cancer
  3. bSerious infections include bacteremia, pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infection, gastrointestinal infection, acute osteomyelitis, acute pyelonephritis, and acute meningitis
  4. cKidney disease includes acute or chronic glomerulonephritis, acute or chronic renal failure, nephritis or nephrotic syndrome, renal failure, and proteinuria
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BMC Endocrine Disorders

ISSN: 1472-6823

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