Table 4 Clinical characteristics of people with diabetes by risk level according to AMG and by sex

Complexity index by AMG*

30.5(11.3)

12.9 (2.6)

5.8 (2.1)

< 0.01

12.74 (9.3)

13.5 (10.9)

0.80

Multimorbidity

189 (100)

432 (100)

382 (86.4)

< 0.01

520 (95.2)

483 (93.4)

0.20

Chronic diseases*

7.7 (2.2)

5.2 (1.4)

3.1 (1.3)

< 0.01

5 (2.3)

4.4 (2.2)

< 0.01

Alcohol abuse

16 (8.5)

26 (6.0)

14 (3.2)

0.016

9 (1.6)

47 (9.1)

< 0.01

Anaemia

48 (25.4)

42 (9.7)

21 (4.8)

< 0.01

68 (12.5)

43 (8.3)

0.027

Anxiety

34 (18.0)

73 (16.9)

62 (14.0)

0.35

114 (20.9)

55 (10.6)

< 0.01

Aortic aneurysm

7 (3.7)

3 (0.7)

0 (0)

< 0.01

1 (0.2)

9 (1.7)

< 0.01

Arthritis

8 (4.2)

20 (4.6)

2 (0.5)

< 0.01

19 (3.5)

11 (2.1)

0.18

Arthrosis

45 (23.8)

106 (24.5)

31 (7.0)

< 0.01

130 (23.8)

52 (10.1)

< 0.01

Asthma

12 (6.3)

29 (6.7)

15 (3.4)

0.06

48 (8.8)

8 (1.5)

< 0.01

Cancer

52 (27.5)

34 (7.9)

4 (0.9)

< 0.01

31 (5.7)

59 (11.4)

< 0.01

Cirrhosis

27 (14.3)

66 (15.3)

20 (4.5)

< 0.01

64 (11.7)

49 (9.5)

0.23

Chronic heart failure

52 (27.5)

28 (6.5)

3 (0.7)

< 0.01

46 (8.4)

37 (7.2)

0.44

Chronic renal failure

51 (27.0)

11 (2.5)

0 (0)

< 0.01

27 (4.9)

35 (6.8)

0.20

Coronary heart disease

65 (34.4)

53 (12.3)

12 (2.7)

< 0.01

41 (7.5)

89 (17.2)

< 0.01

COPD

49 (25.9)

30 (6.9)

8 (1.8)

< 0.01

24 (4.4)

63 (12.2)

< 0.01

Dementia

21 (11.1)

17 (3.9)

2 (0.5)

< 0.01

28 (5.1)

12 (2.3)

0.016

Depression

43 (22.8)

85 (19.7)

32 (7.2)

< 0.01

112 (20.5)

48 (9.3)

< 0.01

Dyslipidaemias

155 (82.0)

329 (76.2)

227 (51.4)

< 0.01

363 (66.5)

348 (67.3)

0.78

Dysrhythmias

85 (45.0)

65 (15.0)

16 (3.6)

< 0.01

84 (15.4)

82 (15.9)

0.83

Epilepsy

5 (2.6)

4 (0.9)

1 (0.2)

0.01

3 (0.5)

7 (1.4)

0.20

Femur fracture

2 (1.1)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0.01

2 (0.4)

0 (0)

0.17

Glaucoma

26 (13.8)

36 (8.3)

9 (2.0)

< 0.01

45 (8.2)

26 (5.0)

0.04

Hypertension

171 (90.5)

350 (81.0)

222 (50.2)

< 0.01

376 (68.9)

367 (71.0)

0.45

HIV

3 (1.6)

1 (0.2)

0 (0)

0.01

1 (0.2)

3 (0.6)

0.29

Inflammatory bowel disease

0 (0)

3 (0.7)

1 (0.2)

0.34

2 (0.4)

2 (0.4)

0.96

Obesity

79 (41.8)

160 (37.0)

105 (23.8)

< 0.01

192 (35.2)

152 (29.4)

0.04

Osteoporosis

38 (20.1)

61 (14.1)

29 (6.6)

< 0.01

121 (22.2)

7 (1.4)

< 0.01

Parkinson

9 (4.8)

6 (1.4)

1 (0.2)

< 0.01

7 (1.3)

9 (1.7)

0.54

Repeated urinary infections

29 (15.3)

28 (6.5)

9 (2)

< 0.01

44 (8.1)

22 (4.3)

0.01

Stroke

33 (17.5)

28 (6.5)

4 (0.9)

< 0.01

30 (5.5)

35 (6.8)

0.39

Thyroid disorder

54 (28.6)

100 (23.1)

58 (13.1)

< 0.01

149 (27.3)

63 (12.2)

< 0.01

Valvular heart disease

32 (16.9)

6 (1.4)

1 (0.2)

< 0.01

20 (3.7)

19 (3.7)

0.99

Polymedicated

170 (89.9)

226 (52.3)

67 (15.2)

< 0.01

267 (48.9)

196 (37.9)

< 0.01