Table 1 Anthropometric, physiological and biochemical characteristics by quartiles of HDL-C/ApoA-I index

Anthropometry

N (% Women)

320 (42.4)

346 (47.4)

345 (53.3)

352 (62.4)

< 0.001

Age (years)

52.05 ± 9.31

52.25 ± 9.01

52.42 ± 9.70

53.67 ± 9.23

0.098

Weight (kg)

77.83 ± 13.94

74.97 ± 13.62^a*

73.92 ± 13.75 ^b*

70.06 ± 13.41^{(c, d, e)†}

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

29.44 ± 4.00

28.51 ± 4.03^a*

28.38 ± 4.52 ^b*

27.06 ± 4.27 ^{(c, d, e)†}

< 0.001

WC, (cm)

97.3 ± 10.6

95.6 ± 10.9

93.9 ± 11.3

90.8 ± 12.1 ^{(b, e)†}

< 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

118.93 ± 17.05

114.71 ± 15.52^a*

116.97 ± 18.36

114.10 ± 16.83^c†

0.001

DBP (mmHg)

73.77 ± 9.54

71.17 ± 8.54^a*

72.26 ± 10.53

70.86 ± 9.06^c*

<0.001

Physical activity score

7.85 ± 1.3

7.87 ± 1.20

7.78 ± 1.20

7.94 ± 1.23

0.434

Fat and CAC depots

VAF (cm²)

169.96 ± 62.49

158.10 ± 57.34^a*

149.01 ± 65.04 ^b†

137.51 ± 63.38 ^{(c, d, e) †}

< 0.001

PCF (cm²)

55.26 ± 28.8

49.18 ± 23.5^a*

45.76 ± 21.9 ^b*†

36.34 ± 18.5 ^{(c, d, e)†}

< 0.001

SAF (cm²)

297.26 ± 103.63

294.54 ± 112.17

300.50 ± 120.83

285.14 ± 111.39

0.262

L/SAR

0.981 ± 0.25

1.034 ± 0.25

1.073 ± 0.220

1.115 ± 0.247

< 0.001

CAC, (Ln UH)

0.814 ± 1.59

0.770 ± 1.62

0.753 ± 1.63

0.664 ± 1.50

0.442

Blood Chemistry

TC, (mmol/L)

4.96 ± 1.03

4.98 ± 0.98

5.09 ± 0.87

4.99 ± 0.90

0.269

LDL-C (mmol/L)

3.04 ± 0.88

3.12 ± 0.83

3.20 ± 0.77

3.01 ± 0.80 ^f*

0.014

HDL-C (mmol/L)

0.93 ± 0.24

1.02± 0.26^a†

1.26 ± 0.29 ^{(b, d)†}

1.47 ± 0.37 ^{(c, e, f)†}

< 0.001

TG (mmol/L)

2.63 ± 1.98

2.00 ± 0.88^a†

1.70 ± 0.70 ^{b†, d*}

1.40 ± 0.60 ^{c†, e, f*}

< 0.001

Apo-AI (g/L)

1.51 ± 0.46

1.37 ± 0.32a†

1.34 ± 0.31b ^†

1.29 ± 0.29 ^{c†, e*}

< 0.001

Glucose (mmol/L)

5.1 ± 0.54

4.98 ± 0.5^a+

4.9 ± 0.53 ^b*

4.9 ± 0.47^c†

< 0.001

Insulin (IU/mL)

22.1 ± 11.0

19.5 ± 10.3^a+

18.4 ± 9.5 ^b†

16.2 ± 8.0 ^{(c,e)†, f*}

< 0.001

HOMA-IR

5.0 ± 2.7

4.3 ± 2.5^a+

4.1 ± 2.5 ^b+

3.5 ± 1.9 ^{(c, e)+, f*}

< 0.001