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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants

From: Correlation between serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels and nutrition indicators and malnutrition exposure risk in men and postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes

Variables

Total (n = 551)

Without malnutrition exposure risk

(n = 384)

With malnutrition exposure risk

(n = 167)

P

Age, years

55.55 ± 11.57

55.49 ± 11.29

55.68 ± 12.22

0.859

Sex, n (%)

   

0.555

 Male

363 (65.88)

256 (66.67)

107 (64.07)

 

 Postmenopausal female

188 (34.12)

128 (33.33)

60 (35.93)

 

Diabetes duration, months

84.00 (14.25–156.00)

84.00 (13.00-151.50)

120.00 (24.00-180.00)

0.107

SHBG, nmol/L

35.65 ± 19.48

30.73 ± 15.14

46.98 ± 23.30

< 0.001

HbA1c, %

9.82 ± 2.52

9.40 ± 2.20

10.82 ± 2.91

< 0.001

C-peptide, nmol/L

0.59 (0.37–0.88)

0.66 (0.43–0.95)

0.40 (0.23–0.67)

< 0.001

Triglyceride, mmol/L

1.51 (1.07–2.22)

1.60 (1.13–2.51)

1.26 (0.87–1.82)

< 0.001

Cholesterol, mmol/L

4.97 (4.11–5.90)

4.92 (4.20–5.79)

5.00 (4.00-6.02)

0.790

LDL-C, mmol/L

3.35 ± 0.97

3.32 ± 0.86

3.40 ± 1.19

0.470

Uric acid, µmol/L

384.59 ± 109.68

398.64 ± 105.99

352.29 ± 111.51

< 0.001

Hemoglobin, g/L

134.31 ± 19.09

138.04 ± 16.99

125.70 ± 20.86

< 0.001

IGF-1, ng/mL

155.40 ± 72.89

162.01 ± 72.61

140.15 ± 71.46

0.001

AST, U/L

19.00 (15.00–24.00)

20.00 (16.00–24.00)

17.00 (14.00-23.50)

0.004

ALT, U/L

20.00 (14.00–28.00)

21.00 (15.00–30.00)

17.00 (13.00-24.67)

< 0.001

Creatinine, µmol/L

67.15 (56.52–84.68)

67.35 (57.60-83.35)

65.82 (52.80-90.34)

0.718

eGFR, (mL/min/1.73 m2)

103.84 (80.49-126.36)

103.56 (82.96-125.47)

104.69 (72.22-131.99)

0.998

Weight, kg

66.48 ± 12.46

69.98 ± 11.74

58.42 ± 10.14

< 0.001

Height, cm

164.59 ± 8.04

164.86 ± 8.07

163.97 ± 7.95

0.232

BMI, kg/m2

24.46 ± 3.73

25.66 ± 3.31

21.64 ± 3.09

< 0.001

Albumin, g/L

37.54 ± 4.63

39.43 ± 3.14

33.19 ± 4.59

< 0.001

Prealbumin, mg/L

233.44 ± 62.59

251.19 ± 53.01

194.70 ± 64.53

< 0.001

Transferrin, mg/dl

1.99 ± 0.36

2.10 ± 0.30

1.75 ± 0.36

< 0.001

NAFLD, n (%)

221 (40.11)

192 (50.00)

29 (17.37)

< 0.001

CVD, n (%)

178 (32.3)

142 (36.98)

36 (21.56)

< 0.001

Hypertension, n (%)

263 (47.73)

194 (50.52)

69 (41.32)

0.047

Retinopathy, n (%)

154 (27.95)

90 (23.44)

64 (38.32)

< 0.001

ABI, n (%)

118 (21.42)

85 (22.14)

33 (19.76)

0.532

  1. Continuous variables are reported as mean ± SD for normally distributed variables or as the median (IQR) for skewed variables, while categorical variables are represented as numbers (proportions)
  2. BMI: body mass index; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; SHBG: sex hormone-binding globulin; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor-1; CVD: cardiovascular disease; ABI: ankle-brachial index; NA: not available
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BMC Endocrine Disorders

ISSN: 1472-6823

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