Table 3 Summary of assessment of quality of evidence using grading of recommendations Assessment, Development, and evaluation (GRADE) assessment criteria
Outcome | Effect estimates (95% CI) | Number of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
All-cause mortality | Not estimable. | 8,190 (4 randomized controlled trials, 2 observational studies) | ⊕⊕◯◯ Low | No deaths reported. |
Time to resolution of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) | Mean difference in hours: 0.17 (-3.45 to 3.79) | 8,467 (4 randomized controlled trials, 1 observational study) | ⊕⊕⊕◯ Moderate | Few studies. Potential bias from one study. |
Length of hospital stay (LOS) | Men difference in days: -0.38 (-2.83 to 2.08) | 8, 624 (4 randomized controlled trials, 1 observational study) | ⊕⊕⊕◯ Moderate | Few studies. |
Hypoglycemia | Risk ratio: 1.02 (0.88 to 1.19) | 8,447 (5 randomized controlled trials, 3 observational studies) | ⊕⊕⊕◯ Moderate | Few studies. Potential bias from one study. |
Hypokalemia | Not estimable. | 66 (1 randomized controlled trial, 1 observational study) | ⊕◯◯◯ Very Low | Most studies used a protocol for potassium replacement. |