Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with complications of diabetes: a single-center retrospective study

Table 5 Joint effects of H. Pylori infection and traditional risk factors on peripheral vascular disease

H. pylori status	Variable	PVD	No PVD	OR^a(95%CI)^*	P -trend
	Age, years
Negative	< 56	79(8.2)	88(9.2)	1.0	< 0.001
Negative	≥ 56	225(23.4)	87(9.1)	2.477(1.624, 3.776)
Positive	< 56	79(8.2)	103(10.7)
Positive	≥ 56	224(23.3)	75(7.8)	0.760(0.488, 1.182)
				2.771(1.807, 4.250)
	Smoking history
Negative	No	198(20.6)	127(13.2)	1.0	< 0.001
Negative	Yes	106(11.0)	48(5.0)	1.791(1.110, 2.888)
Positive	No	169(17.6)	130(13.5)
Positive	Yes	134(14.0)	48(5.0)	0.821(0.580, 1.163)
				2.344(1.464, 3.752)
	Diabetes duration, years
Negative	< 8	121(12.6)	88(9.2)	1.0	0.190
Negative	≥ 8	183(19.1)	87(9.1)	1.168(0.774, 1.760)
Positive	< 8	103(10.7)	98(10.2)
Positive	≥ 8	200(20.8)	80(8.3)	0.764(0.501, 1.167)
				1.315(0.873, 1.979)
	Hypertension
Negative	No	124(12.9)	113(11.8)	1.0	0.006
Negative	Yes	180(18.8)	62(6.5)	2.037(1.352, 3.068)
Positive	No	129(13.4)	103(10.7)
Positive	Yes	174(18.1)	75(7.8)	1.053(0.712, 1.558)
Positive	Yes	174(18.1)	75(7.8)	1.740(1.172, 2.586)

Abbreviations PVD, peripheral vascular disease; H. pylori, Helicobacter pylori
*Data are presented as n (%) and odds ratios (95% confidence intervals). Bold font indicates statistical significance
^aAdjusted for age, gender, smoking history, diabetes duration, and hypertension

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