Relationship between bone turnover markers and renal disease in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

Table 1 General characteristics of the participants by DKD

Characteristics	Non-DKD	DKD	P value
Age, years	66 ± 6	67 ± 8	<0.001
Men, %	532(42%)	377(48.1%)	0.007
BMI, kg/m²	25.31 ± 4.10	26.70 ± 5.41	<0.001
Duration of diabetes, years	16 ± 12	18 ± 15	<0.001
SBP, mmHg	138 ± 19	137 ± 20	0.001
DBP, mmHg	78 ± 15	78 ± 15	0.924
25-OH-D, nmol/L	17.31 ± 10.46	15.40 ± 9.54	<0.001
β-CTX, ng/mL	0.35 ± 0.24	0.336 ± 0.25	0.077
OSTEOC, ng/L	11.26 ± 5.45	10.48 ± 5.40	0.017
iPTH, pg/ml	34.00 ± 17.20	34.30 ± 22.75	0.013
TP1NP, µg/L	39.25 ± 21.26	38.64 ± 24.65	0.808
FPG, mmol/L	11.12 ± 6.99	11.125 ± 7.49	<0.001
HbA1c, %	8.00 ± 2.20	8.50 ± 2.90	<0.001
TC, mmol/L	4.33 ± 1.55	4.53 ± 1.81	0.330
TG, mmol/L	1.39 ± 0.94	1.54 ± 0.87	<0.001
HDL, mmol/L	1.16 ± 0.34	1.12 ± 0.30	<0.001
LDL, mmol/L	2.69 ± 1.16	2.93 ± 1.32	0.183
ALT, U/L	18.10 ± 11.40	17.75 ± 11.32	0.002
AST, U/L	19.30 ± 8.13	18.85 ± 7.80	0.344
ALP, U/L	80.0 ± 33.00	83.50 ± 34.75	0.030
ALB, g/L	43.20 ± 3.72	41.15 ± 4.50	<0.001
Hemoglobin, g/L	138 ± 19	131 ± 21	<0.001
Serum calcium, mmol/L	2.395 ± 0.12	2.38 ± 0.14	<0.001
Serum phosphorus, mmol/L	1.15 ± 0.21	1.18 ± 0.26	0.636
Serum creatinine, umol/L	62 ± 21	77.95 ± 40.75	<0.001
Serum uric acid, umol/L	310 ± 114.5	341.5 ± 131.75	<0.001
UACR, mg/g	9.16 ± 8.74	94.84 ± 303.53	<0.001
eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m²	95.64 ± 17.80	80.73 ± 38.38	<0.001
Medications
ACEI/ARB, %	1061(84.2%)	718(91.6%)	<0.001
Anti-osteoporosis drugs, %	820(64.7%)	487(62.1%)	0.234
Anti-diabetic agents, %	350(27.6%)	321(40.9%)	<0.001
Diabetic retinopathy	177(14.0%)	520(66.3%)	<0.001

The data are presented as means ± SD for continuous variables with a normal distribution, medians ± IQR for continuous variables with a skewed distribution, and as numerical proportions for categorical variables. For the comparison of continuous variables, the nonparametric rank-sum test or Student’s t-test was used, and the Chi-square test was applied for categorical variables
DKD Diabetic kidney disease, BMI Body mass index, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, 25-OH-D 25-hydroxyvitamin D, β-CTX β-CrossLaps, OSTEOC Osteocalcin, iPTH Intact parathyroid hormone, TP1NP Total type I collagen N-terminal propeptide, FPG Fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c Hemoglobin A1C, TC Total Cholesterol, TG Triglyceride, HDL High-density lipoprotein, LDL Low-density lipoprotein, ALT Alanine aminotransferase, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, ALP Alkaline phosphatase, ALB Albumin, UACR Urine albumin to creatinine ratio, eGFR Estimated glomerular infiltration rate

ISSN: 1472-6823