Table 1 Clinical characteristics of all participants

N

1216

780

436

Age (y)

59.75 ± 10.86

58.51 ± 10.81

62.02 ± 10.63

BMI (kg/m2)

24.19 ± 3.28

24.46 ± 3.18

23.72 ± 3.41

Duration of diabetes (y)

9.71 ± 7.54

9.48 ± 7.35

10.13 ± 7.85

Smoking (Yes/No)

364/852

361/419

3/433

Drinking (Yes/No)

243/973

235/545

8/428

Hypertension (Yes/No)

606/610

369/411

236/200

Anti-diabetic medications (%)

Insulin

54.93

56.67

52.06

MET

78.21

81.79

71.79

SGLT2i

22.70

24.23

19.95

HbA1c (%)

8.68 ± 2.31

8.79 ± 2.35

8.48 ± 2.23

CRP (mg/L)

1.21 (1.44)

1.05 (1.36)

1.30 (1.72)

TC (mmol/L)

4.18 ± 1.06

4.02 ± 1.02

4.47 ± 1.09

TG (mmol/L)

1.93 ± 1.74

1.93 ± 1.90

1.93 ± 1.38

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.74 ± 0.81

2.64 ± 0.77

2.92 ± 0.85

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.06 ± 0.28

1.00 ± 0.25

1.16 ± 0.30

UACR (mg/g)

12.55 (28.99)

12.58 (27.01)

12.48 (31.47)

eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2)

96.40 (21.53)

98.30 (21.27)

93.30 (25.53)

Stage of eGFR (%)

≧ 90

71.05

76.41

61.70

60–89

21.63

18.46

27.06

< 60

7.32

5.13

11.24

Stage of UACR (%)

< 30

62.09

61.03

63.99

≥ 30

28.54

38.97

36.01

Thyroid parameters

TSH (mIU/L)

2.76 (2.65)

2.48 (2.29)

3.32 (3.16)

FT3 (pg/mL)

3.28 ± 0.53

3.31 ± 0.52

3.22 ± 0.52

FT4 (ng/dL)

0.98 ± 0.54

0.99 ± 0.56

0.98 ± 0.50

TT3 (ng/mL)

0.98 ± 0.28

0.99 ± 0.29

0.97 ± 0.26

TT4 (ug/dL)

8.82 ± 1.98

8.72 ± 1.91

9.00 ± 2.08

TPOAb positive (%)

9.95

7.18

14.91

TgAb positive (%)

11.68

8.46

17.43