Table 1 General characteristics of participants in NHANES 2003–2006 and 2017–2018
Variables | Non-MetS (n = 11 575) | MetS (n = 2 400) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
Age*, years, n (%) | < 0.0001 | ||
20–39 | 4386 (37.89) | 366 (15.25) | |
40–59 | 3429 (29.62) | 806 (33.58) | |
≥ 60 | 3760 (32.48) | 1228 (51.17) | |
Sex*, n (%) | 0.0508 | ||
Men | 5619 (48.54) | 1112 (46.33) | |
Women | 5956 (51.46) | 1288 (53.67) | |
Race*, n (%) | < 0.0001 | ||
Mexican American | 2005 (17.32) | 489 (20.38) | |
Other Hispanic | 607 (5.24) | 143 (5.96) | |
Non-Hispanic White | 5270 (45.53) | 1146 (47.75) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 2582 (22.31) | 416 (17.33) | |
Others | 1111 (9.60) | 206 (8.58) | |
Education*, n (%) | < 0.0001 | ||
Under high school | 2792 (24.16) | 758 (31.61) | |
High school or equivalent | 2771 (23.98) | 606 (25.27) | |
Above high school | 5991 (51.85) | 1034 (43.12) | |
Marital status*, n (%) | < 0.0001 | ||
Married/cohabiting | 7048 (60.94) | 1456 (60.69) | |
Widowed/divorced/separated | 2461 (21.28) | 687 (28.64) | |
Never married | 2056 (17.78) | 256 (10.67) | |
BMI*, kg/m2, n (%) | < 0.0001 | ||
< 18.5 | 209 (1.84) | 2 (0.08) | |
18.5–24.9 | 3613 (31.81) | 157 (6.60) | |
25.0–29.9 | 3978 (35.02) | 686 (28.84) | |
≥ 30.0 | 3559 (31.33) | 1534 (64.48) | |
Physical activity*, n (%) | < 0.0001 | ||
Sedentary | 2065 (24.03) | 604 (35.20) | |
Insufficient | 3054 (35.54) | 621 (36.19) | |
Moderate | 1258 (14.64) | 242 (14.10) | |
High | 2216 (25.79) | 249 (14.51) | |
Drinking status*, n (%) | < 0.0001 | ||
Never | 1309 (22.51) | 338 (23.47) | |
Ever | 1397 (24.03) | 433 (30.07) | |
Current | 3108 (53.46) | 669 (46.46) | |
Smoking status*, n (%) | < 0.0001 | ||
Never | 6297 (54.44) | 1195 (49.81) | |
Ever | 2829 (24.46) | 748 (31.18) | |
Current | 2441 (21.10) | 456 (19.01) | |
Family PIR*, median (IQR) | 2.29 (1.22, 4.22) | 2.02 (1.16, 3.71) | < 0.0001 |
Total total energy#, kcal/day, median (IQR) | 1953.00 (1473.00, 2552.00) | 1815.50 (1373.50, 2376.50) | < 0.0001 |
Vitamin A#, μmol/L, median (IQR) | 1.88 (1.54, 2.27) | 1.99 (1.63, 2.41) | < 0.0001 |
Vitamin E#, μmol /L, median (IQR) | 26.47 (21.50, 33.44) | 29.49 (23.92, 38.08) | < 0.0001 |
Vitamin D#, nmol/L, median (IQR) | 59.20 (43.40, 76.20) | 55.90 (40.90, 72.90) | < 0.0001 |