Exploring the unique association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and vitamin D deficiency in adults aged 20–59: findings based on the NHANES database

Table 2 The relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and 25(OH)D levels

	Model 1 β (95% CI) P value	Model 2 β (95% CI) P value	Model 3 β (95% CI) P value
HDL cholesterol
	7.56 (6.82, 8.30) < 0.0001	8.16 (7.39, 8.92) < 0.0001	8.30 (7.24, 9.35) < 0.0001
Quintiles of direct HDL cholesterol
0.26–1.135	Reference	Reference	Reference
1.14–1.36	3.82 (2.94, 4.70) < 0.0001	4.09 (3.21, 4.97) < 0.0001	3.28 (2.10, 4.45) < 0.0001
1.37–1.655	5.36 (4.49, 6.22) < 0.0001	5.85 (4.97, 6.73) < 0.0001	4.93 (3.73, 6.13) < 0.0001
1.66–5.07	8.98 (8.12, 9.85) < 0.0001	9.72 (8.83, 10.61) < 0.0001	9.74 (8.50, 10.98) < 0.0001
P for trend	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Stratified by gender
Male	5.63 (4.47, 6.78)	5.59 (4.44, 6.75)	4.62 (3.42, 5.82)
	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
Female	10.12 (9.11, 11.14)	10.14 (9.12, 11.15)	9.69 (8.66, 10.72)
	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001

Model 1: Unadjusted for covariates. Model 2: Adjusted for age, gender, and race. Model 3: Adjusted for age, gender, race, education level, BMI, having smoked at least 100 cigarettes in lifetime, alcohol consumption, Moderate activities,diabetes status, hypertension status, total calcium, serum phosphorus, ALT, AST, uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen.In the subgroup analysis stratified by gender, the model did not adjust separately for gender.

ISSN: 1472-6823