Table 1 Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics
Socio-demographic and lifestyle variables | Total (n= 767) | Participants with DM (n = 481) | Participants without DM (n = 286) | p-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | ||||
Age (years) | 49.0(22) | 55.0(14) | 36.0(19) | P < 0.001 |
Age categories (years) | ||||
≤ 35 years old | 175(22.8) | 42(8.7) | 133(46.5) | X2 = 164.38 P < 0.001 |
36–60 | 444(57.9) | 307(63.8) | 137(47.9) | |
> 60 | 148(19.3) | 132(27.4) | 16(5.6) | |
Gender | ||||
Male | 337(43.9) | 221(45.9) | 116(40.6) | X2 = 2.113 P= 0.146 |
Female | 430(56.1) | 260(54.1) | 170(59.4) | |
Education level | ||||
High school and below | 429(55.9) | 295(61.3) | 134(46.9) | X2 = 15.252 P < 0.001 |
Technical/University degree and above | 338(44.1) | 186(38.7) | 152(53.1) | |
Total income per month (Q.R.) | ||||
Below 20,000 | 306(39.9) | 210(43.7) | 96(33.6) | X2 = 8.951 P = 0.011 |
Above 20,000 | 314(40.9) | 179(37.2) | 135(47.2) | |
I don’t know/no income | 147(19.2) | 92(19.1) | 55(19.2) | |
Smoking | ||||
Non-smoker | 657(85.7) | 423(87.9) | 234(81.8) | X2 = 5.475 P = 0.019 |
Smoker | 110(14.3) | 58(12.1) | 52(18.2) | |
Cardiorespiratory fitness | ||||
Low | 87(12.8) | 76(18.7) | 11(4.0) | X2 = 75.892 P < 0.001 |
Moderate | 294(43.2) | 203(50.0) | 91(33.1) | |
High | 300(44.1) | 127(31.3) | 173(62.9) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.4(7.87) | 31.6(7.56) | 28.3(8.45) | P < 0.001 |
BMI categories (kg/m2) | ||||
Underweight (< 18.5) | 8(1) | 0(0) | 8(2.8) | X2 = 60.174 P < 0.001 |
Normal (18.5–24.9) | 100(13.1) | 35(7.3) | 65(22.8) | |
Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 249(32.5) | 153(31.9) | 96(33.7) | |
Obese (≥ 30) | 408(53.3) | 292(60.8) | 116(40.7) | |
Sarcopenia diagnosis | ||||
No sarcopenia | 612(88.1) | 360(83.1) | 252(92.2) | X2 = 27.405 P = < 0.001 |
Probable sarcopenia | 71(10.2) | 64(14.8) | 7(2.7) | |
Diagnosed sarcopenia | 12(1.7) | 9(2.1) | 3(1.1) | |