Table 3 Simple and adjusted logistic regressions and odds of sarcopenia/ probable sarcopenia

Age

1.056(1.036,1.076)

 < 0.001

0.995(0.966,1.025)

0.751

Age (categorical)

 ≤ 35 years old

Ref

-

 36–60

1.661(0.809,3.411)

0.167

-

 > 60

5.667(2.675,12.002)

 < 0.001

-

Gender

 Male

Ref

Ref

 Female

1.312(0.822,2.094)

0.255

0.086(0.026,0.288)

 < 0.001

Smoking

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

0.588(0.275,1.259)

0.171

1.206(0.463,3.147)

0.702

 BMI

1.017(0.981,1.055)

0.347

0.908(0.852,0.967)

0.003

Diabetes diagnosis

 Participants without DM (Controls)

Ref

Ref

 Participants with DM (Cases)

5.110(2.588,10.089)

 < 0.001

1.489(0.466,4.758)

0.501

Cardiorespiratory fitness

 Low

Ref

Ref

 Moderate

0.365(0.192,0.693)

0.002

0.551(0.255,1.193)

0.131

 High

0.158(0.076,0.327)

 < 0.001

0.337(0.129,0.880)

0.026

Total protein score

0.987(0.976,0.997)

0.016

-

Animal protein score

0.982(0.967,0.997)

0.021

-

Plant protein score

0.969(0.942,0.997)

0.028

-

Participants distribution total protein score tertile

 1st tertile

Ref

-

 2nd tertile

0.796(0.466, 1.359)

0.403

-

 3rd tertile

0.516(0.288,0.924)

0.026

-

Participants distribution animal protein score tertile

 1st tertile

Ref

-

 2nd tertile

0.938(0.549,1.604)

0.816

-

 3rd tertile

0.585(0.342,1.056)

0.075

-

Participants distribution plant protein score tertile

 1st tertile

Ref

Ref

 2nd tertile

1.015(0.605,1.703)

0.955

0.776 (0.394,1.530)

0.464

 3rd tertile

0.462(0.246,0.865)

0.016

0.502(0.235,1.074)

0.076

Total Protein g/L

0.982(0.982,1.039)

0.533

-

Albumin g/L

0.892(0.841,0.947)

 < 0.001

0.935(0.861,1.015)

0.110

CRP mg/L

  < 5

Ref

Ref

  ≥ 5

1.619(1.022,2.565)

0.040

0.917(0.469,3.224)

0.800

 Cholesterol Total mmol/L

0.835(0.662,1.054)

0.129

-

 HDL-Cholesterol mmol/L

1.028(0.537,1.969)

0.934

-

 LDL-Cholesterol Calc mmol/L

0.648(0.491,0.854)

0.002

0.728(0.517,1.025)

0.069

 Triglyceride mmol/L

1.413(1.117,1.786)

0.004

1.475(1.024,2.124)

0.037

 Dihydroxy vitamin D Total ng/mL

1.030(1.008,1.052)

0.006

1.013(0.981,1.046)

0.441

 Insulin mcunit/ml

1.006(0.999,1.013)

0.098

-

 Glucose mmol/L

1.159(1.102,1.220)

 < 0.001

1.088(0.972,1.218)

0.141

 HBA1C %

1.276(1.152,1.414)

 < 0.001

1.001(0.766,1.307)

0.994

 Total Fat Mass

1.007(0.988,1.027)

0.456

-

 Trunk FM

1.012(0.981,1.045)

0.488

-

 Visceral fat (android fat)

1.117(0.942,1.324)

0.203

-

 ALM/BMI

0.035(0.007, 0.167)

 < 0.001

0.000(0.000, 0.007)

 < 0.001

 Phase angle

0.389(0.274,0.553)

 < 0.001

0.714(0.384,1.328)

0.287