Comparison of central precocious puberty frequency before and during COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of included studies on CPP throughout the COVID-19 pandemic^a

Author	Year	Country	Study design	Pre-pandemic		Pandemic		AHRQ score
Author	Year	Country	Study design	n	N^b	n	N^b	AHRQ score
Peinkhofer M	2022	Italy	A retrospective study	48	24	54	28	6
Chioma L	2022	Italy	A retrospective study	140	37	328	135	8
Trujillo MV	2022	USA	A retrospective study	2340	28	2261	64	5
Mondkar SA	2023	India	A retrospective study	4208	44	3053	136	5
Jimenez ABA	2022	Spain	A retrospective study	598	45	471	87	5
Itani AA	2022	Lebanon	A retrospective study	964	4	416	19	4
Goffredo M	2022	Italy	A retrospective study	1469	34	1063	45	5
Matsubara K	2023	Japan	A retrospective study	248	28	271	51	5

“n” refers to the total number of children evaluated by endocrine providers for potential central precocious puberty (CPP), while “N” represents the number of children who were ultimately diagnosed with CPP. The ratio of ‘n’ to ‘N’ varies across studies due to differences in referral patterns, diagnostic criteria, and the prevalence of CPP in the studied populations. For example, in Peinkhofer et al. (2022), the smaller ratio reflects a higher diagnostic yield compared to other studies
^aAHRQ Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
^bN represents CPP participants

ISSN: 1472-6823