Fig. 2

Dose-response relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone mineral density. (A: no adjustment, B: full adjustment, C: full adjustment, stratified by gender). A nonlinear association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone mineral density in a generalized additive model (GAM). The solid red line represents the smooth curve fit between variables. Blue bands represent the 95% confidence interval from the fit. Full adjustment was made for gender, age, race, education level, family income to poverty ratio, body mass index, alcohol consumption frequency, serum cotinine, physical activity, sedentary activity, sun exposure, and HbA1C