Table 2 Cox regression analyses for the association between METS-IR and incident diabetes in different models grouped by sex, age and BMI

Crude Model

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Interaction coefficient

P for interaction

METS-IR (Total)

2.26 (2.10, 2.43) **

1.76 (1.59, 1.94) **

1.72 (1.55, 1.91) **

1.47 (1.30, 1.68) **

METS-IR quartiles

Q1

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Q2

2.69 (1.46, 4.95)

2.53 (1.37, 4.65)

2.54 (1.38, 4.67)

2.27 (1.23, 4.18)

Q3

4.99 (2.82, 8.81)

3.57 (2.00, 6.40)

3.50 (1.96, 6.27)

2.31 (1.28, 4.16)

Q4

15.52 (9.05, 26.60)

6.61 (3.70, 11.82)

6.18 (3.45, 11.08)

3.15 (1.71, 5.77)

Sex

-0.22 (-0.42, -0.02)

0.03

Women (per SD increase)

2.84 (2.42, 3.33) **

1.97 (1.59, 2.45) **

1.93 (1.55, 2.40) **

1.62 (1.24, 2.13) **

Men (per SD increase)

2.08 (1.90, 2.28) **

1.67 (1.49, 1.87) **

1.61 (1.42, 1.81) **

1.40 (1.20, 1.64) **

Age (years)

0.20 (0.03, 0.38)

0.02

≥ 45 (per SD increase)

2.11 (1.87, 2.37) **

1.65 (1.42, 1.92) **

1.60 (1.38, 1.87) **

1.26 (1.04, 1.51) *

< 45 (per SD increase)

2.49 (2.26, 2.75) **

1.88 (1.64, 2.16) **

1.83 (1.58, 2.12) **

1.72 (1.43, 2.07) **

BMI (kg/m²)

0.01 (-0.23, 0.26)

0.91

≥ 25 (per SD increase)

1.99 (1.73, 2.29) **

1.64 (1.40, 1.93) **

1.61 (1.37, 1.91) **

1.59 (1.29, 1.95) **

< 25 (per SD increase)

2.62 (2.21, 3.11) **

1.98 (1.60, 2.45) **

1.92 (1.55, 2.38) **

1.33 (1.01, 1.76) *