Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Study | Study design | Country | Sample size | Male % | Mean age | Type of Population | Type of Control | HR (95% CI) for HCC | Follow up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kanwal F 2024 [10] | Retrospective cohort study | USA | 193,316 | NA | NA | Patients T2DM and concomitant MASLD | GLP-1 RA Non users | 0.36 (0.17 to 0.76) | 20 months |
Wang L 2024-A [18] | Retrospective cohort study | USA | 18,90,020 | 41.5 | 56.1 | Patients with T2DM | Insulin, metformin, DPP4i, SGLT2, Sulfonylurea, TZD | Compared to Insulin: 0.20 (0.14 to 0.31), metformin: 0.99 (0.79 to 1.27), DPP4: 0.89 (0.76 to 1.05), SGLT-2i: 1.03 (0.82 to 1.29), Sulfonylureas: 0.78 (0.65 to 0.93), TZD = 1.15 (0.92 to 1.45) | 5 years |
Wang L 2024-B [19] | Retrospective cohort study | USA | 1,651,452 | 50.1 | 59.8 | Patients with T2DM | Insulin users, metformin users | Compared to insulin: − 0.47 (0.36 to 0.61), Compared to Metformin: 0.97 (0.76 to 1.23) | 15 Years |
Elsaid M I 2024 [11] | Retrospective cohort study | USA | 5296 | 40.6 | 55.8 | Patients with MASLD cirrhosis and T2DM | No GLP-1RA | 0.37 (0.20 to 0.63) | 12 Months |
Yen FS 2024 [21] | Retrospective cohort study | Taiwan | 1,569,553 | 46.5 | 53.12 | Patients with T2DM | Patients without GLP-1 RA | 0.91 (0.59 to 1.40) | 2.19 Years |
Huynh DJ 2023 [17] | Retrospective cohort study | USA | 21,475 | 34.06 | 54.31 | Cirrhotic patients with T2DM | GLP1-RA non user patients with metformin | 0.44 (0.26 to 0.74) | 5 years |
Engström A 2024 [12] | Retrospective cohort study | Sweden, Denmark, and Norway | 335,483 | 56.5 | 59.7 | Patients with T2DM | DPP4-I users | 1.05 (0.80 to 1.39) | NA |
Yang CT 2024 [20] | Retrospective cohort study | USA | 56,714 | 50.4 | 49.3 | Patients with T2DM | Patients on long insulin therapy | 0.47(0.24 to 0.93) | 6 years |