Association between serum chloride and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the general U.S. adult population: evidence from NHANES 2011–2018

Table 2 Stratified analysis

Variables	Tertiles of chloride			p for trend	p for interaction
Variables	Q1	Q2	Q3	p for trend	p for interaction
Age					0.15
≤45 year	ref	0.87 (0.70, 1.09)	0.71 (0.53, 0.96)	0.02
>45 year	ref	0.76 (0.63, 0.93)	0.57 (0.45, 0.71)	< 0.01
Sex					0.07
Male	ref	0.96 (0.77, 1.20)	0.66 (0.51, 0.85)	0.01
Female	ref	0.69 (0.56, 0.85)	0.59 (0.46, 0.77)	< 0.01
BMI					0.03
Normal weight	ref	0.61 (0.43, 0.87)	0.68 (0.39, 1.17)	0.07
Overweight/Obese	ref	0.82 (0.70, 0.97)	0.61 (0.50, 0.75)	< 0.01
Smoking					< 0.01
Never	ref	0.83 (0.69,1.00)	0.69 (0.56,0.86)	< 0.01
Former	ref	0.71 (0.52,0.95)	0.39 (0.28,0.56)	0.11
Now	ref	1.02 (0.75,1.39)	0.94 (0.61,1.47)	0.82
Alcohol user					0.12
Never	ref	0.61 (0.40, 0.91)	0.58 (0.34, 0.97)	0.04
Former	ref	0.55 (0.36, 0.85)	0.37 (0.23, 0.57)	< 0.01
Mild	ref	0.95 (0.76, 1.20)	0.67 (0.49, 0.92)	0.02
Moderate	ref	0.66 (0.46, 0.95)	0.55 (0.34, 0.91)	0.01
Heavy	ref	1.02 (0.74, 1.41)	0.86 (0.59,1.26)	0.49
Physical activity					0.21
Inactive	ref	0.72 (0.58, 0.88)	0.61 (0.46, 0.83)	< 0.01
Active	ref	0.86 (0.71, 1.05)	0.62 (0.50, 0.78)	< 0.01
CVD					0.67
No	ref	0.81 (0.69, 0.95)	0.63 (0.52, 0.77)	< 0.01
Yes	ref	0.81 (0.53, 1.22)	0.56 (0.33, 0.96)	0.04

Stratified analyses of the association between serum chloride and MetS risk stratified by age, sex, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity level, and CVDs. Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, education, PIR, alcohol and smoke status, physical activity, dietary energy, fat and cholesterol intakes, serum bicarbonate level, serum potassium level, serum sodium level, eGFR and CVDs. The interaction effect was evaluated using the likelihood ratio test
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index; CVDs, cardiovascular diseases

ISSN: 1472-6823