Table 1 Clinical and laboratory characteristics of study subjects

Demographics

Sex

5.602

0.018*

Male

119 (53.1%)

305 (62.5%)

Female

105 (46.9%)

183 (37.5%)

Age (years)

64 (15)

58 (20)

-5.133

< 0.001*

BMI (kg/m²)

25.57 (5.02)

26.49 (4.94)

-2.821

0.005*

Overweight

10.371

0.001*

Yes

122 (54.5%)

327 (67.0%)

No

102 (45.5%)

161 (33.0%)

SI

0.072

0.788

Low

171 (76.3%)

368 (75.4%)

High

53 (23.7%)

120 (24.6%)

Drinking

52 (23.2%)

125 (25.6%)

0.474

0.491

Laboratory measures

TG (mmol/L)

1.59 (1.20)

1.69 (1.34)

-1.595

0.111

HDL (mmol/L)

0.92 (0.37)

0.89 (0.30)

-1.936

0.053

LDL (mmol/L)

2.48 (1.06)

2.51 (1.14)

-0.668

0.504

TC (mmol/L)

4.20 (1.40)

4.27 (1.45)

-0.876

0.381

eGFR < 60 ml/min1.73m²

9.490

0.002*

No

191 (85.3%)

452 (92.6%)

Yes

33 (14.7%)

36 (7.4%)

SCR (µmol/L)

68 (26)

63 (25)

-2.162

0.031*

BUN (mmol/L)

5.4 (2.6)

5.0 (2.2)

-2.712

0.007*

ALB (g/L)

36.8 (5.7)

37.8 (5.2)

-2.944

0.003*

Diabetes-related characteristics

Course of diabetes (years)

11 (11)

10 (12)

-3.423

0.001*

FBG (mmol/L)

8.6 (3.6)

8.3 (3.2)

-1.235

0.217

HBA1C (%)

9.10 (3.22)

9.09 (3.24)

-0.180

0.858

FINS (uIU/ml)

11.92 (12.86)

12.04 (10.14)

-0.135

0.892

HOMA-β

0.361

0.548

Normal

113 (50.4%)

258 (52.9%)

Abnormal

111 (49.6%)

230 (47.1%)

HOMA-IR

4.61 (4.98)

4.42 (4.30)

-0.365

0.715

Type 2 diabetes complications

DPN

10.023

0.002*

No

29 (12.9%)

113 (23.2%)

Yes

195 (87.1%)

375 (76.8%)

DR

4.645

0.031*

No

119 (53.1%)

301 (61.7%)

Yes

105 (46.9%)

187 (38.3%)

Microalbuminuria

0.037

0.847

Normal

142 (63.4%)

313 (64.1%)

Abnormal

82 (36.6%)

175 (35.9%)