Fig. 1

Development of a nomogram for predicting the risk of CLNM in a training cohort, incorporating TDS and clinical characteristics in patients diagnosed with PTC. (a) Nomogram for predicting the risk of CLNM; (b) Calibration curve illustrating the accuracy of risk predictions derived from the risk model; (c) Sensitivities and specificities associated with the risk predictions, represented through ROC curves; (d) DCA of the risk nomogram. In this classification system, an age value of 0 indicates individuals < 55 years of age, while a value of 1 signifies individuals ≥ 55 years of age. Additionally, an extrathyroidal invasion value of 0 denotes the presence of PTC without extrathyroidal invasion, whereas a value of 1 indicates PTC with extrathyroidal invasion. A histological type value of 0 corresponds to the classic papillary subtype, while a value of 1 encompasses other variants of thyroid papillary carcinoma, including tall cell, follicular, and diffuse sclerosing subtypes. PTC, papillary thyroid carcinoma; CLNM, central lymph node metastasis; TDS, thyroid differentiation score; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; AUC, area under curve; DCA, decision curve analysis