A comparative study on the short-term and long-term efficacy of endoscopic lipolysis, liposuction, and traditional open excision in gynecomastia treatment

Table 3 Analysis of short-term postoperative complications (\(\overline {\text{X}} \)±s)

Groups	Infection	Necrosis of nipple and areola	Ecchymoma	Delayed wound healing	Total incidence rate
Control group (n = 70)	5 (7.14%)	4 (5.71%)	5 (7.14%)	6 (8.57%)	20 (28.57%)
Observation group (n = 70)	0.00 (0.00%)	1 (1.42%)	2 (2.85%)	0.00 (0.00%)	2 (2.85%)
χ²	11.449	10.627	15.105	9.523	15.226
P value	0.001	0.005	0.001	0.006	0.001

ISSN: 1472-6823