Table 1 Baseline characteristics by the quartiles of estimated glucose disposal rate of adult Americans from the nation health and nutrition examination survey 2017–2018
Characteristics | Total N = 3100 | eGDR mg/kg/min | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 4.87 N = 773 | 4.87–6.49 N = 777 | 6.49–9.31 N = 775 | ≥ 9.31 N = 775 | |||
Age, year | 54.59 (17.29) | 59.48 (13.95) | 60.59 (14.96) | 54.42 (17.98) | 43.87 (16.73) | < 0.01 |
Female, % (n) | 1527 (49.26) | 408 (52.78) | 352 (45.30) | 372 (48.00) | 395 (50.97) | 0.02 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 29.35 (6.65) | 36.51 (5.99) | 28.61 (3.99) | 28.15 (5.94) | 24.13 (3.12) | < 0.01 |
DBP, mm Hg | 71.85 (12.30) | 73.93 (13.30) | 74.49 (13.24) | 71.40 (11.76) | 67.18 (8.78) | < 0.01 |
SBP, mm Hg | 127.35 (19.26) | 135.22 (17.34) | 135.49 (18.53) | 126.37 (18.84) | 110.95 (9.19) | < 0.01 |
Smoke status, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.01 |
Never smoke | 1938 (62.52) | 442 (57.18) | 470 (60.49) | 486 (62.71) | 540 (69.68) | Â |
Former smoke | 389 (12.55) | 78 (10.09) | 94 (12.10) | 108 (13.94) | 109 (14.06) | Â |
Current smoking | 773 (24.94) | 253 (32.73) | 213 (27.41) | 181 (23.35) | 126 (16.26) | Â |
Race, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
Mexican American | 363 (11.71) | 94 (12.16) | 95 (12.23) | 90 (11.61) | 84 (10.84) | Â |
Other Hispanic | 280 (9.03) | 66 (8.54) | 65 (8.37) | 67 (8.65) | 82 (10.58) | Â |
Non-Hispanic White | 1054 (34.00) | 278 (35.96) | 258 (33.20) | 277 (35.74) | 241 (31.10) | Â |
Non-Hispanic Black | 714 (23.03) | 238 (30.79) | 170 (21.88) | 162 (20.90) | 144 (18.58) | Â |
Other Race | 689 (22.23) | 97 (12.55) | 189 (24.32) | 179 (23.10) | 224 (28.90) | Â |
Marital status, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.001 |
Never married | 475 (15.35) | 77 (9.97) | 89 (11.45) | 116 (15.03) | 193 (24.94) | Â |
Married | 1717 (55.48) | 435 (56.35) | 457 (58.82) | 408 (52.85) | 417 (53.88) | Â |
Other | 903 (29.18) | 260 (33.68) | 231 (29.73) | 248 (32.12) | 164 (21.19) | Â |
Education status, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.012 |
Primary school graduate or below | 291 (9.41) | 83 (10.75) | 77 (9.96) | 70 (9.06) | 61 (7.88) | Â |
Middle/high/special school | 1053 (34.06) | 268 (34.72) | 252 (32.60) | 295 (38.16) | 238 (30.75) | Â |
College graduate or above | 1748 (56.53) | 421 (54.53) | 444 (57.44) | 408 (52.78) | 475 (61.37) | Â |
PIR, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.001 |
Low | 722 (26.83) | 179 (26.72) | 165 (24.05) | 186 (28.57) | 192 (28.07) | Â |
Moderate | 1113 (41.36) | 305 (45.52) | 296 (43.15) | 272 (41.78) | 240 (35.09) | Â |
High | 856 (31.81) | 186 (27.76) | 225 (32.80) | 193 (29.65) | 252 (36.84) | Â |
Physical activity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Moderate, n (%) | 1243 (40.10) | 332 (42.95) | 295 (37.97) | 307 (39.61) | 309 (39.87) | 0.095 |
Vigorous, n (%) | 676 (21.81) | 185 (23.93) | 147 (18.92) | 181 (23.35) | 163 (21.03) | 0.346 |
Laboratory results | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
TC, mmol/L | 4.86 (1.06) | 4.74 (1.07) | 4.98 (1.10) | 4.94 (1.06) | 4.80 (1.01) | < 0.001 |
TG, mmol/L | 1.30 (1.28) | 1.60 (1.49) | 1.37 (0.95) | 1.29 (1.73) | 0.98 (0.64) | < 0.001 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.36 (0.38) | 1.23 (0.32) | 1.36 (0.37) | 1.38 (0.41) | 1.45 (0.37) | < 0.001 |
LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.88 (0.95) | 2.78 (1.00) | 2.95 (0.99) | 2.94 (0.90) | 2.85 (0.88) | 0.054 |
Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 6.38 (2.05) | 7.68 (3.13) | 6.40 (1.74) | 5.97 (1.07) | 5.57 (0.87) | < 0.001 |
Cr, umol/L | 82.31 (47.28) | 87.96 (70.81) | 86.73 (48.05) | 80.01 (34.07) | 74.47 (18.40) | < 0.001 |
eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 | 105.59 (44.48) | 122.14 (52.06) | 93.12 (40.82) | 105.23 (47.49) | 101.92 (28.95) | < 0.001 |
eGDR, mg/kg/min | 6.83 (2.73) | 3.39 (1.16) | 5.71 (0.46) | 7.80 (0.88) | 10.41 (0.72) | < 0.001 |
UA, umol/L | 327.32 (87.52) | 355.37 (91.16) | 338.36 (88.32) | 319.54 (82.17) | 295.72 (76.37) | < 0.001 |
HbA1c, % | 5.94 (1.12) | 6.73 (1.60) | 5.93 (0.91) | 5.70 (0.72) | 5.40 (0.42) | < 0.001 |
AST, U/L | 21.29 (10.35) | 21.78 (12.69) | 21.64 (10.19) | 21.35 (9.73) | 20.38 (8.27) | 0.038 |
ALT, U/L | 21.38 (14.43) | 23.50 (16.88) | 21.73 (12.88) | 21.60 (15.60) | 18.66 (11.29) | < 0.001 |
CAP, dB/m | 267.25 (62.34) | 310.79 (55.01) | 270.58 (55.12) | 260.25 (58.97) | 227.47 (49.81) | < 0.001 |
LSM, kPa | 5.91 (4.90) | 7.62 (6.56) | 5.68 (3.98) | 5.53 (4.12) | 4.84 (4.02) | < 0.001 |
Disease | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Hypertension, n (%) | 1806 (58.26) | 746 (96.51) | 729 (93.82) | 331 (42.71) | 0 (0.00) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 606 (19.55) | 336 (43.47) | 157 (20.21) | 87 (11.23) | 26 (3.35) | < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 1505 (48.55) | 481 (62.23) | 465 (59.85) | 349 (45.03) | 210 (27.10) | < 0.001 |
MASLD, n (%) | 1928 (62.19) | 686 (88.75) | 519 (66.80) | 458 (59.10) | 265 (34.19) | < 0.001 |
Liver fibrosis, n (%) | 361 (11.65) | 210 (27.17) | 68 (8.75) | 66 (8.52) | 17 (2.19) | < 0.001 |