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Table 1 Descriptive characters of participants in a community-based case-control study before and after matching

From: Mediating effect of TyG index on the association between glucose-lipid metabolism-related dietary pattern and T2DM: a propensity score-matched analysis

Characteristics

Before PSM (N = 2230)

After PSM (N = 1330)

Non-T2DM, n = 1437

T2DM, n = 793

P

SMD

Non-T2DM, n = 665

T2DM, n = 665

P

SMD

Age (mean ± SD, years)

49.1 ± 16.5

62.1 ± 9.59

< 0.01**

0.959

61.7 ± 11.9

61.4 ± 9.87

0.120

0.021

Gender

  

0.226

0.054

  

0.139

0.081

 Male

704 (48.99%)

410 (51.70%)

  

324 (48.72%)

351 (52.78%)

  

 Female

733 (51.01%)

383 (48.30%)

  

341 (51.28%)

314 (47.22%)

  

Marriage status

  

< 0.01**

0.495

  

0.133

0.100

 Unmarried

183 (12.73%)

10 (1.26%)

  

11 (1.65%)

9 (1.35%)

  

 Married

1,214 (84.48%)

727 (91.68%)

  

623 (93.68%)

608 (91.43%)

  

 Divorced or other

40 (2.78%)

56 (7.06%)

  

31 (4.66%)

48 (7.22%)

  

Education status

  

< 0.01**

0.759

  

0.543

0.061

 Primary school or below

615 (42.80%)

555 (69.99%)

  

468 (70.38%)

453 (68.12%)

  

 Junior or senior school

300 (20.88%)

177 (22.32%)

  

146 (21.95%)

151 (22.71%)

  

 College or above

522 (36.33%)

61 (7.69%)

  

51 (7.67%)

61 (9.17%)

  

Occupation status

  

< 0.01**

0.385

  

0.355

0.099

 Managerial

618 (43.01%)

225 (28.37%)

  

232 (34.89%)

207 (31.13%)

  

 Worker

496 (34.52%)

332 (41.87%)

  

243 (36.54%)

261 (39.25%)

  

 Farmer

135 (9.39%)

51 (6.43%)

  

52 (7.82%)

45 (6.77%)

  

 Others

188 (13.08%)

185 (23.33%)

  

138 (20.75%)

152 (22.86%)

  

Household income per year

  

< 0.01**

0.592

  

0.672

0.068

 Up to ¥3000

104 (7.24%)

140 (17.65%)

  

96 (14.44%)

106 (15.94%)

  

 ¥3001-¥10,000

557 (38.76%)

350 (44.14%)

  

307 (46.17%)

291 (43.76%)

  

 ¥10,001-¥30,000

512 (35.63%)

104 (13.11%)

  

109 (16.39%)

103 (15.49%)

  

 More than ¥30,001

264 (18.37%)

199 (25.09%)

  

153 (23.01%)

165 (24.81%)

  

Physical exercise

  

0.056

0.11

  

0.247

< 0.001

 Never

1,106 (76.97%)

634 (79.95%)

  

469 (70.53%)

532 (80.00%)

  

 Not sufficient

275 (19.14%)

142 (17.91%)

  

161 (24.21%)

120 (18.05%)

  

 Sufficient

56 (3.90%)

17 (2.14%)

  

35 (5.26%)

13 (1.95%)

  

BMI category, kg/m2

  

< 0.01**

0.229

  

0.030*

0.145

 Normal

679 (47.25%)

286 (36.07%)

  

282 (42.41%)

235 (35.34%)

  

 Overweight

528 (36.74%)

352 (44.39%)

  

263 (39.55%)

295 (44.36%)

  

 Obesity

230 (16.01%)

155 (19.55%)

  

120 (18.05%)

135 (20.30%)

  

Current drinking

362 (25.33%)

191 (24.39%)

0.630

0.021

164 (24.85%)

164 (24.92%)

0.970

0.002

Current smoking

356 (24.77%)

220 (27.74%)

0.050

0.143

169 (25.41%)

185 (27.82%)

0.580

0.057

Family history of Diabetes

188 (13.08%)

291 (36.70%)

< 0.01**

0.568

137 (20.60%)

166 (24.96%)

0.058

0.104

Family history of Hypertension

542 (37.72%)

345 (43.51%)

0.008**

0.117

234 (35.19%)

261 (39.25%)

0.130

0.084

Hypertension

500 (35.51%)

500 (64.02%)

< 0.01**

0.594

294 (45.16%)

415 (63.46%)

< 0.01**

0.374

Dyslipidemia

435 (30.27%)

398 (50.19%)

< 0.01**

0.415

259 (38.95%)

336 (50.53%)

< 0.01**

0.234

Metabolic disorder

959 (83.54%)

408 (99.76%)

< 0.01**

0.613

383 (92.51%)

359 (100.00%)

< 0.01**

0.402

SBP, mmHg *

124 (114, 135)

134 (124, 144)

< 0.01**

0.531

128 (120, 140)

133 (124, 144)

< 0.01**

0.289

DBP, mmHg *

80 (73, 87)

80 (73, 87)

0.710

0.072

79 (73, 86)

80 (74, 87)

0.130

0.038

TC, mmol/L *

4.83 (4.26, 5.51)

4.92 (4.29, 5.64)

0.081

0.076

5.09 (4.43, 5.70)

4.92 (4.29, 5.66)

0.016*

0.121

TG, mmol/L *

1.30 (0.89, 1.91)

1.78 (1.24, 2.54)

< 0.01**

0.426

1.49 (1.05, 2.06)

1.83 (1.25, 2.59)

< 0.01**

0.336

LDLC, mmol/L *

2.93 (2.43, 3.49)

2.87 (2.33, 3.43)

0.031

0.094

1.33 (1.12, 1.55)

1.20 (1.02, 1.42)

< 0.01**

0.252

HDLC, mmol/L *

1.40 (1.17, 1.62)

1.20 (1.01, 1.42)

< 0.01**

0.04

3.11 (2.58, 3.60)

2.87 (2.33, 3.43)

< 0.01**

0.066

FBG, mmol/L *

5.59 (5.24, 5.99)

7.82 (6.90, 9.25)

< 0.01**

1.593

5.69 (5.31, 6.10)

7.84 (6.95, 9.30)

0.01**

1.535

HbA1c, % *

5.40 (5.10, 5.61)

6.97 (6.22, 7.88)

< 0.01**

1.687

5.47 (5.13, 5.70)

6.96 (6.25, 7.94)

< 0.01**

1.643

FIN, IU/L *

11 (8, 14)

10 (7, 15)

0.410

0.141

9.4 (7.0, 12.9)

10.5 (7.4, 15.4)

< 0.01**

0.264

C-peptide, ng/mL *

2.07 (1.63, 2.65)

2.05 (1.53, 2.76)

0.240

0.008

1.97 (1.53, 2.53)

2.10 (1.55, 2.84)

< 0.01**

0.173

Adiponectin, µg/mL*

6.87 (5.22, 9.11)

5.30 (4.21, 6.94)

< 0.01**

0.364

6.52 (4.99, 8.78)

5.28 (4.18, 6.96)

0.01**

0.282

TyG index *

4.17 (3.80, 4.59)

4.86 (4.45, 5.29)

< 0.01**

1.109

4.31 (3.97, 4.68)

4.88 (4.46, 5.31)

< 0.01**

0.957

HOMA-IR *

2.65 (1.90, 3.69)

3.74 (2.49, 5.57)

< 0.01**

0.353

2.41 (1.75, 3.33)

3.84 (2.51, 5.90)

< 0.01**

0.408

HOMA-%β *

103 (76, 143)

48 (31, 79)

< 0.01**

0.605

89 (64, 119)

49 (31, 81)

< 0.01**

0.376

  1. The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to assess the normality data distribution. Normal data were shown as median (quartiles 25 and 75%) and compared using Mann–Whitney U test. Categorical data were shown as n (%) and compared using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01
  2. PSM, propensity score-matched analysis; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
  3. BMI: body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, total triglycerides; LDLC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDLC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HbA1c, Hemoglobin A1c; FIN, fasting insulin; TyG index, triglyceride-glucose index; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-%β, homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function
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