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Table 2 The association between respondents’ sociodemographic data and chronic DM complications

From: Prevalence of chronic diabetic complications and associated risk factors among follow-up diabetic patients: estimates from a referral national diabetes center in Yemen

Demographic characteristic

Overall n(%)

DM Complications

Macro-vascular Complications

Microvascular Complications

CAD

Stroke

PAD

Retinopathy

Nephropathy

Neuropathy

Diabetic Foot

Sex

       

 Male

151(68.0)

25(16.6)

15(9.9)

15(9.9)

49(32.5)

34(22.5)

38(25.2)

48(31.8)

 Female

71(32.0)

12(16.9)

8(11.3)

7(9.9)

26(36.6)

25(35.2)

16(22.5)

25(35.2)

  p-value

 

0.949

0.761

0.986

0.540

0.046

0.670

0.613

Age group (years)

       

 ≤ 20

9(4.1)

0(0.0)

0(0.0)

0(0.0)

6(66.7)

0(0.0)

0(0.0)

2(22.2)

 21–40

32(14.4)

4(12.5)

2(6.1)

1(3.0)

7(21.9)

9(28.1)

10(31.3)

9(38.1)

 > 40

181(81.5)

33(18.2)

21(11.7)

21(11.7)

62(34.3)

50(27.6)

44(24.3)

62(34.3)

  p-value

 

0.248

0.363

0.186

0.041

0.183

0.155

0.623

Educational Level

       

 Illiterate

75(33.8)

18(24.0)

13(17.3)

14(18.7)

37(49.3)

27(36.0)

22(29.3)

33(44.0)

 Primary School

89(40.1)

13(14.6)

8(9.0)

6(6.7)

25(28.1)

20(22.5)

23(25.8)

25(28.1)

 Secondary School

30(13.5)

3(10.0)

2(6.7)

1(3.3)

8(26.7)

10(33.3)

6(20.0)

11(36.7)

 University and above

28(12.6)

3(10.7)

0(0.0)

1(3.6)

5(17.9)

2(7.1)

3(10.7)

4(14.3)

  p-value

 

0.183

0.051

0.017

0.004

0.016

0.235

0.021

Place of Residence

       

 Urban

154(69.4)

23(14.9)

11(7.1)

11(7.1)

50(32.5)

38(24.7)

34(21.1)

46(29.9)

 Rural

68(30.6)

14(20.6)

12(17.6)

11(16.2)

25(36.8)

21(30.9)

20(29.4)

27(39.7)

  p-value

 

0.297

0.018

0.038

0.533

0.335

0.240

0.150

Occupation

       

 Employee

114(51.4)

20(17.5)

13(11.4)

11(9.6)

27(23.7)

26(22.8)

26(22.8)

37(32.5)

 Unemployed

108(48.6)

17(15.7)

10(9.3)

11(10.2)

48(44.4)

33(30.6)

28(25.9)

35(33.3)

  p-value

 

0.719

0.600

0.894

0.001

0.191

0.6588

0.889

Marital Status

       

 Married

196(88.3)

33(16.8)

22(11.2)

21(10.7)

67(34.2)

53(27.0)

48(24.5)

67(34.2)

 Unmarried

26(11.7)

4(15.4)

1(3.8)

1(3.8)

8(30.8)

6(23.1)

6(23.1)

6(23.1)

  p-value

 

0.852

0.246

0.271

0.729

0.667

0.875

0.257

Family-income

       

 Low-income

180(81.1)

30(16.7)

17(9.4)

16(8.9)

65(36.1)

49(27.2)

44(24.4)

63(35.0)

 Middle-income

34(15.3)

4(11.8)

3(8.8)

3(8.8)

8(23.5)

8(23.5)

6(17.6)

9(26.5)

 High-income

8(3.6)

3(37.5)

3(37.5)

3(37.5)

2(25.0)

2(25.0)

4(50.0)

1(12.5)

  p-value

 

0.214

0.037

0.029

0.315

0.900

0.158

0.286

BMI Categories

       

 Non-Obese

157(70.7)

19(12.1)

9(5.7)

9(5.7)

45(287)

40(25.2)

28(17.8)

45(28.7)

 Obese

65(29.3)

18(27.7)

14(21.5)

13(20.0)

30(46.2)

19(29.2)

26(40.0)

27(43.1)

  p-value

 

0.005

< 0.001

0.001

0.012

0.565

< 0.001

0.037

  1. - CAD: Coronary artery disease; PAD: Peripheral arterial disease; DM: diabetes mellitus; BMI: Body mass index