Demographic characteristic | Overall n(%) | DM Complications | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Macro-vascular Complications | Microvascular Complications | |||||||
CAD | Stroke | PAD | Retinopathy | Nephropathy | Neuropathy | Diabetic Foot | ||
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Male | 151(68.0) | 25(16.6) | 15(9.9) | 15(9.9) | 49(32.5) | 34(22.5) | 38(25.2) | 48(31.8) |
 Female | 71(32.0) | 12(16.9) | 8(11.3) | 7(9.9) | 26(36.6) | 25(35.2) | 16(22.5) | 25(35.2) |
  p-value |  | 0.949 | 0.761 | 0.986 | 0.540 | 0.046 | 0.670 | 0.613 |
Age group (years) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 ≤ 20 | 9(4.1) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 6(66.7) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 2(22.2) |
 21–40 | 32(14.4) | 4(12.5) | 2(6.1) | 1(3.0) | 7(21.9) | 9(28.1) | 10(31.3) | 9(38.1) |
 > 40 | 181(81.5) | 33(18.2) | 21(11.7) | 21(11.7) | 62(34.3) | 50(27.6) | 44(24.3) | 62(34.3) |
  p-value |  | 0.248 | 0.363 | 0.186 | 0.041 | 0.183 | 0.155 | 0.623 |
Educational Level | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Illiterate | 75(33.8) | 18(24.0) | 13(17.3) | 14(18.7) | 37(49.3) | 27(36.0) | 22(29.3) | 33(44.0) |
 Primary School | 89(40.1) | 13(14.6) | 8(9.0) | 6(6.7) | 25(28.1) | 20(22.5) | 23(25.8) | 25(28.1) |
 Secondary School | 30(13.5) | 3(10.0) | 2(6.7) | 1(3.3) | 8(26.7) | 10(33.3) | 6(20.0) | 11(36.7) |
 University and above | 28(12.6) | 3(10.7) | 0(0.0) | 1(3.6) | 5(17.9) | 2(7.1) | 3(10.7) | 4(14.3) |
  p-value |  | 0.183 | 0.051 | 0.017 | 0.004 | 0.016 | 0.235 | 0.021 |
Place of Residence | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Urban | 154(69.4) | 23(14.9) | 11(7.1) | 11(7.1) | 50(32.5) | 38(24.7) | 34(21.1) | 46(29.9) |
 Rural | 68(30.6) | 14(20.6) | 12(17.6) | 11(16.2) | 25(36.8) | 21(30.9) | 20(29.4) | 27(39.7) |
  p-value |  | 0.297 | 0.018 | 0.038 | 0.533 | 0.335 | 0.240 | 0.150 |
Occupation | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Employee | 114(51.4) | 20(17.5) | 13(11.4) | 11(9.6) | 27(23.7) | 26(22.8) | 26(22.8) | 37(32.5) |
 Unemployed | 108(48.6) | 17(15.7) | 10(9.3) | 11(10.2) | 48(44.4) | 33(30.6) | 28(25.9) | 35(33.3) |
  p-value |  | 0.719 | 0.600 | 0.894 | 0.001 | 0.191 | 0.6588 | 0.889 |
Marital Status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Married | 196(88.3) | 33(16.8) | 22(11.2) | 21(10.7) | 67(34.2) | 53(27.0) | 48(24.5) | 67(34.2) |
 Unmarried | 26(11.7) | 4(15.4) | 1(3.8) | 1(3.8) | 8(30.8) | 6(23.1) | 6(23.1) | 6(23.1) |
  p-value |  | 0.852 | 0.246 | 0.271 | 0.729 | 0.667 | 0.875 | 0.257 |
Family-income | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Low-income | 180(81.1) | 30(16.7) | 17(9.4) | 16(8.9) | 65(36.1) | 49(27.2) | 44(24.4) | 63(35.0) |
 Middle-income | 34(15.3) | 4(11.8) | 3(8.8) | 3(8.8) | 8(23.5) | 8(23.5) | 6(17.6) | 9(26.5) |
 High-income | 8(3.6) | 3(37.5) | 3(37.5) | 3(37.5) | 2(25.0) | 2(25.0) | 4(50.0) | 1(12.5) |
  p-value |  | 0.214 | 0.037 | 0.029 | 0.315 | 0.900 | 0.158 | 0.286 |
BMI Categories | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Non-Obese | 157(70.7) | 19(12.1) | 9(5.7) | 9(5.7) | 45(287) | 40(25.2) | 28(17.8) | 45(28.7) |
 Obese | 65(29.3) | 18(27.7) | 14(21.5) | 13(20.0) | 30(46.2) | 19(29.2) | 26(40.0) | 27(43.1) |
  p-value |  | 0.005 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.012 | 0.565 | < 0.001 | 0.037 |