Table 3 Examination of diabetes clinical and metabolic characteristics before and after education

A1C

7.8 (7.1–8.4)

7.8 (7.2–8.3)

0.342¹

A1C (Hypoglycemia Aware Group)

7.9 (6.4–11)

7.9 (6.3–9.7)

,223

A1C (Group with IHA)

7.2 (6.1–9.9)

7.8 (6.5–9.7)

,002

Metabolic control

 Target Range (< 7% A1C)

12 (25.5)

10 (21.3)

1.00²

 Suboptimal Control (> 7…<9% A1C)

24 (51.1)

28 (59.6)

 Above Target (> 9% A1C)

11 (23.4)

9 (19.1)

Frequency of fingerstick glucose measurement per day

6 (4–8)

8 (6–10)

0.007¹

Number of b-CGM hypoglycemia (< 70 mg/dl)

4 (2–7)

3 (2–6)

0.348¹

Number of recorded fingerstick Hypoglycemia (< 70 mg/dl)

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

0.723¹

TIR (> 70…<180 mg/dL)

42 (31–54)

49 (37–59)

< 0.001¹

TIR (Hypoglycemia Aware Group)

42 (14–93)

58 (19–90)

,000

TIR (Group with IHA)

52 (32–77)

67 (37–85)

,005

Hyperglycemia % (> 180 mg/dL)

42 (31–54)

37 (24–48)

< 0.001¹

Hyperglycemia % (> 180 mg/dL)

(Hypoglycemia Aware Group)

51.5 (6–88)

40.5 (7–78)

,001

Hyperglycemia % (> 180 mg/dL)

(Group with IHA)

37 (17–66)

30 (12–62)

,070

Hypoglycemia % (< 70 mg/dL)

6 (2–9)

3 (1–6)

0.025¹

Hypoglycemia (< 70 mg/dL) hour/day

1.2 (0.2–2.2)

0.7 (0.2–1.7)

0.025¹

Hypoglycemia hour/day (Hypoglycemia Aware Group)

1,32 (0–12)

0.84 (0-3.6)

,027

Hypoglycemia hour/day (Group with IHA)

0.96 (0–7)

0,72 (0–2,16)

,418

Glycemic Variability

50 (39–55)

40 (35–45)

0.001¹

Average maximum

163 (135–189)

156 (144–176)

0.505¹

Perceiving hypoglycemia (< 70 mg/dL) %

40 (20–69)

60 (50–100)

0.006¹

Appropriate hypoglycemia

self-treatment %

50 (0–75)

100 (50–100)

< 0.001¹

Appropriate hypoglycemia self-treatment % (Hypoglycemia Aware Group)

30 (0-100)

100 (0-100)

,001

Appropriate hypoglycemia self-treatment % (Group with IHA)

50 (0-100)

80 (20–100)

,007

HFS score

67 (59–79)

55 (48–67)

< 0.001¹

GOLD Awareness*

 Hypoglycemia Aware Group

26 (55.3)

33 (70.2)

0.092²

 Group with IHA

21 (44.7)

14 (29.8)