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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants. Continuous variables were listed as weighted mean (95% CI). Categorical variables were listed as weighted percentage (95% CI). BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio; BUN, blood Urea nitrogen; SCR, serum creatinine

From: Association of atherogenic index of plasma with kidney dysfunction in diabetic individuals: findings from two national population-based studies

Characteristics

NHANES(2007–2018)

KNHANES 2012

AIP

P Value

AIP

P Value

Q1 (−1.07,−0.14)

Q2 (−0.14,0.06)

Q3 (0.06,0.26)

Q4 (0.26,1.65)

Q1 (−0.72,−0.06)

Q2 (−0.06, 0.16)

Q3 (0.16, 0.36)

Q4 (0.36,1.56)

Age (years)

60.61 (59.13,62.10)

61.08 (59.85,62.31)

59.49 (58.02,60.95)

56.85 (55.64,58.06)

< 0.0001

61.92 (59.52,64.32)

62.48 (60.06,64.89)

58.93 (56.50,61.35)

56.12 (53.70,58.55)

0.0007

Gender (%)

    

0.0120

    

0.7641

Male

46.85 (41.07,52.72)

48.63 (41.82,55.49)

54.50 (48.37,60.50)

60.53 (53.98,66.73)

 

52.74 (44.51,60.84)

50.04 (40.62,59.45)

57.13 (47.63,66.13)

53.77 (44.45,62.84)

 

Female

53.15 (47.28,58.93)

51.37 (44.51,58.18)

45.50 (39.50,51.63)

39.47 (33.27,46.02)

 

47.26 (39.16,55.49)

49.96 (40.55,59.38)

42.87 (33.87,52.37)

46.23 (37.16,55.55)

 

Race (%)

    

< 0.0001

     

Mexican American

6.16 (4.53,8.32)

10.48 (7.59,14.30)

11.21 (8.00,15.50)

13.00 (9.92,16.85)

      

Other Hispanic

4.95 (3.65,6.68)

7.65 (5.62,10.33)

6.35

(4.64,8.64)

7.62 (4.98,11.48)

      

Non-Hispanic White

55.09 (49.10,60.93)

54.58 (48.39,60.64)

65.46 (59.38,71.08)

65.14 (59.12,70.71)

      

Non-Hispanic Black

25.56 (20.85,30.92)

14.98 (12.12,18.37)

8.46 (6.11,11.61)

5.68 (4.05,7.91)

      

Other Race

8.25 (6.11,11.05)

12.31 (9.18,16.31)

8.51 (6.41,11.21)

8.57 (5.61,12.87)

      

Education Levels (%)

    

0.4430

    

0.0766

< high school

20.06 (16.07,24.76)

22.08 (17.92,26.89)

24.37 (19.96,29.41)

22.74 (18.76,27.28)

 

56.17 (46.65,65.25)

55.09 (45.68,64.14)

55.91 (46.27,65.12)

45.99 (36.97,55.29)

 

=high school

22.77 (18.19,28.11)

25.17 (20.18,30.92)

27.34 (22.88,32.30)

23.83 (19.79,28.40)

 

25.61 (17.79,35.39)

25.59 (17.35,36.03)

17.43 (11.63,25.31)

36.33 (26.74,47.13)

 

> high school

57.17 (50.97,63.15)

52.74 (46.87,58.54)

48.29 (42.30,54.33)

53.43 (48.03,58.75)

 

13.65 (8.08,22.14)

13.78 (8.82,20.87)

23.38 (15.83,33.12)

12.66 (8.21,19.03)

 

Unclear

     

4.57 (1.46,13.43)

5.55 (2.22,13.20)

3.28 (1.63,6.47)

5.02 (2.71,9.10)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

30.94 (29.96,31.92)

32.44 (31.52,33.35)

34.18 (33.16,35.20)

34.10 (33.32,34.88)

< 0.0001

23.92 (23.32,24.52)

24.80 (24.12,25.48)

25.43 (24.85,26.00)

26.70 (26.10,27.30)

< 0.0001

Hypertension (%)

    

0.3720

    

0.3357

No

27.07 (21.55,33.41)

22.09 (17.30,27.76)

21.36 (16.63,26.98)

23.62 (19.12,28.80)

 

30.05 (21.71,39.97)

25.91 (18.05,35.69)

25.47 (18.11,34.56)

19.57 (13.23,27.97)

 

Yes

72.93 (66.59,78.45)

77.91 (72.24,82.70)

78.64 (73.02,83.37)

76.38 (71.20,80.88)

 

69.95 (60.03,78.29)

74.09 (64.31,81.95)

74.53 (65.44,81.89)

80.43 (72.03,86.77)

 

CVD (%)

    

0.0221

    

0.0046

No

85.78 (82.53,88.51)

78.11 (72.75,82.67)

81.19 (76.22,85.32)

77.35 (72.38,81.65)

 

87.77 (81.54,92.10)

89.54 (82.33,94.02)

97.06 (93.44,98.71)

95.66 (90.55,98.07)

 

Yes

14.22 (11.49,17.47)

21.89 (17.33,27.25)

18.81 (14.68,23.78)

22.65 (18.35,27.62)

 

12.23 (7.90,18.46)

10.46 (5.98,17.67)

2.94 (1.29,6.56)

4.34 (1.93,9.45)

 

Smoking status (%)

    

< 0.0001

    

0.2560

Yes

42.99 (37.75,48.40)

41.78 (35.81,48.01)

56.62 (51.61,61.50)

56.43 (50.10,62.56)

 

41.65 (31.92,52.08)

44.84 (35.98,54.03)

57.45 (47.75,66.61)

45.89 (37.26,54.77)

 

No

57.01 (51.60,62.25)

58.22 (51.99,64.19)

43.38 (38.50,48.39)

43.57 (37.44,49.90)

 

53.77 (43.52,63.72)

47.36 (38.09,56.82)

38.99 (30.19,48.57)

49.09 (40.50,57.74)

 

Unclear

     

4.57 (1.46,13.43)

7.80 (3.54,16.34)

3.56 (1.83,6.81)

5.02 (2.71,9.10)

 

Drinking status (%)

    

0.1106

    

0.8025

Yes

64.71 (58.68,70.31)

66.69 (59.98,72.79)

72.91 (68.36,77.02)

72.44 (67.54,76.86)

 

18.22 (11.13,28.39)

19.19 (13.46,26.61)

12.84 (8.56,18.83)

16.26 (10.89,23.58)

 

No

29.01 (23.61,35.07)

25.68 (20.45,31.72)

22.23 (18.62,26.32)

22.41 (18.18,27.30)

 

77.20 (66.45,85.28)

74.72 (65.64,82.05)

83.60 (77.80,88.12)

78.72 (70.84,84.93)

 

Unclear

6.28 (4.62,8.49)

7.63 (5.22,11.02)

4.86 (3.11,7.52)

5.15 (3.72,7.09)

 

4.57 (1.46,13.43)

6.09 (2.60,13.59)

3.56 (1.83,6.81)

5.02 (2.71,9.10)

 

AST (U/L)

24.13 (23.16,25.10)

26.23 (24.12,28.33)

26.21 (24.11,28.31)

27.99 (26.34,29.65)

0.0008

25.19 (20.98,29.39)

25.97 (23.26,28.68)

26.46 (23.78,29.14)

28.51 (25.35,31.67)

0.5745

ALT (U/L)

23.39 (21.94,24.83)

26.59 (24.15,29.02)

28.55 (26.01,31.09)

31.41 (29.33,33.49)

< 0.0001

22.40 (19.55,25.25)

27.46 (23.10,31.81)

30.25 (25.22,35.28)

33.15 (29.13,37.16)

0.0007

BUN (mmol/L)

5.87 (5.59,6.14)

5.71 (5.45,5.97)

5.73 (5.41,6.04)

5.76 (5.44,6.07)

0.8669

5.80 (5.51,6.10)

5.90 (5.35,6.45)

5.49 (5.20,5.78)

5.51 (5.11,5.91)

0.2605

UACR (mg/g)

69.09 (46.11,92.07)

119.79 (72.56,167.02)

122.50 (71.91,173.08)

181.19 (106.57,255.81)

0.0091

53.19 (20.74,85.64)

47.44 (23.29,71.59)

30.56 (17.36,43.76)

106.62 (25.27,187.9)

0.1208

SCR (µmol/L)

85.89 (76.90,94.88)

82.25 (79.07,85.44)

82.70 (78.69,86.71)

84.24 (79.62,88.85)

0.8476

80.59 (74.61,86.57)

81.80 (70.96,92.65)

78.94 (75.45,82.44)

79.35 (74.37,84.32)

0.9466

eGFR

(ml/min/1.73 m2)

86.19 (83.26,89.13)

85.23 (82.57,87.88)

88.22 (85.58,90.86)

89.82 (87.28,92.36)

0.0371

87.30 (84.24,90.35)

87.70 (84.63,90.78)

90.04 (86.99,93.08)

91.51 (87.90,95.12)

0.2423

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