Table 1 Comparison of clinical characteristics between T2DM patients with and without NPDR

Male/female

251/176

116/87

135/89

-

Age (years)

57.00 (50.00, 64.00)

57.45 ± 11.08

56.00 (48.00, 64.00)

0.217

Diabetes duration (years)

5.00 (1.00, 10.00)

8.00 (3.00, 12.00)

4.00 (0.80, 9.00)

0.451

Hypertension (%)

165 (38.64)

67 (33.00)

98 (43.75)

0.023*

SBP (mmhg)

136.00 (124.50, 148.00)

139.00 (130.00, 150.50)

134.00 (122.00, 145.00)

0.002**

DBP (mmhg)

85.00 (80.00, 90.00)

86.00 (79.00, 90.00)

85.00 (80.00, 90.00)

0.66

BMI (kg/m2)

24.11 (22.20, 26.44)

24.40 ± 3.50

24.20 (22.15, 26.55)

0.892

Smoking (%)

26.00

30.50

25.40

0.041*

Drinking (%)

14.52

15.76

13.39

0.487

FPG (mmol/L)

8.07 (6.61,10.29)

7.86 (6.49,10.34)

8.25 (6.70, 10.26)

0.546

2hPG (mmol/L)

18.87 ± 5.75

19.06 ± 5.76

18.71 ± 5.76

0.545

HbA1c (%)

9.10 (7.10, 11.00)

9.40 (7.10, 10.95)

8.75 (7.08, 11.03)

0.488

FCP (nmol/L)

1.57 (0.88, 2.26)

1.41 (0.74, 2.10)

1.75 (1.11, 2.41)

0.004**

2hCP (nmol/L)

5.20 (3.19, 7.63)

4.78 (2.60, 7.05)

5.65 (4.05, 8.09)

0.001**

FINS(pmol/L)

7.99 (4.99, 11.41)

7.91 (5.48, 12.27)

8.05 (4.80, 10.88)

0.581

2hINS (pmol/L)

33.91 (22.41, 55.24)

33.60 (20.67, 57.68)

34.36 (22.44, 54.50)

0.949

T3 (pmol/L)

1.63 (1.43, 1.80)

1.62 (1.44, 1.79)

1.63 (1.43, 1.81)

0.781

T4 (pmol/L)

107.23 ± 25.09

104.52 ± 23.37

109.72 ± 26.38

0.034*

TSH (mIU/L)

2.17 (1.44, 3.39)

2.33 (1.52, 3.58)

2.04 (1.36, 3.12)

0.029*

ALT (U/L)

24.00 (16.00, 35.00)

21.00 (15.00, 21.00)

26.00 (17.50, 38.50)

0.006**

AST (U/L)

22.00 (18.00, 28.00)

22.00 (17.00, 28.00 )

23.00 (18.00, 29.00)

0.059

Scr (umol/L)

71.50 (58.00, 89.75)

72.00 (58.00, 91.25)

70.00 (57.00, 88.25)

0.457

BUN

5.70 (4.70, 6.90)

6.00 (4.70, 7.37)

5.55 (4.60, 6.60)

0.018*

eGFR (mL*min-1(1.73m2)-1)

97.56 (74.97, 116.76 )

95.38 ± 35.49

98.58 (78.37, 118.26)

0.134

UA (mmol/L)

320.15 (259.25, 375.75)

325.50 (263.75, 375.25)

315.00 (247.00, 378.00)

0.410

TC (mmol/L)

4.46 (3.75, 5.27)

4.46 (3.72, 5.24)

4.47 (3.79, 5.28)

0.700

TG (mmol/L)

1.61 (1.15, 2.44)

1.61 (1.12, 2.14)

1.62 (1.16, 2.55)

0.347

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.31 (1.10, 1.58)

1.33 (1.10, 1.64)

1.30 (1.10, 1.54)

0.315

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.71 ± 0.86

2.63 ± 0.80

2.79 ± 0.90

0.066

VLDL-C (mmol/L)

0.74 (0.53, 1.11)

0.74 (0.51, 0.98)

0.74 (0.53, 1.16)

0.346

mALB

15.60 (6.65, 41.70)

21.00 (8.74, 70.45)

11.40 (5.89, 26.03)

< 0.001**

mALB/UCr

3.86 (1.08, 14.24)

5.62 (1.38, 25.69)

2.40 (0.94, 8.04)

< 0.001**