Table 4 Summary of the sensitivity analysis results for 39 studies

Shuangling Xiu 2021 [13]

− 1.20

[− 1.47, − 0.94]

97.30

Minimal

Fuyuko Takahashi 2021 [14]

− 1.20

[− 1.46, − 0.94]

97.34

Minimal

Ken Sugimoto 2021 [16]

− 1.19

[− 1.45, − 0.94]

97.26

Slight decrease

Vatana V. Sundar 2021 [17]

− 1.28

[− 1.53, − 1.02]

97.36

Slight increase

Xiaofan Zhang 2021 [18]

− 1.26

[− 1.52, − 1.00]

97.34

Minimal

Hiroyasu Mori 2021 [20]

− 1.21

[− 1.48, − 0.95]

97.33

Minimal

Kentaro Mikura 2022 [21]

− 1.23

[− 1.50, − 0.96]

97.42

Slight increase

Yoshitaka Hashimoto 2022 [22]

− 1.22

[− 1.49, − 0.95]

97.41

Slight increase

Yoshihisa Hiromine 2022 [23]

− 1.20

[− 1.46, − 0.94]

97.24

Slight decrease

Kewei Wang 2022 [24]

− 1.24

[− 1.51, − 0.97]

97.42

Slight increase

Sayani Das 2023 [25]

− 1.23

[− 1.50, − 0.96]

97.41

Slight increase

Ming-Jun Chen 2023 [26]

− 1.24

[− 1.51, − 0.97]

97.42

Slight increase

G.-C. Ma 2023 [27]

− 1.22

[− 1.49, − 0.95]

97.40

Minimal

Fuyuko Takahashi 2023 [28]

− 1.22

[− 1.49, − 0.96]

97.41

Slight increase

Mijin Kim 2023 [29]

− 1.25

[− 1.51, − 0.98]

97.37

Minimal

Lanyu Lu 2023 [30]

− 1.25

[− 1.52, − 0.98]

97.39

Minimal

Lei Fu 2023 [31]

− 1.26

[− 1.53, − 1.00]

97.28

Minimal

Yu-Ting Hsu 2023 [33]

− 1.25

[− 1.52, − 0.98]

97.40

Minimal

Surapaneni L.S. 2023 [34]

− 1.23

[− 1.50, − 0.96]

97.42

Slight increase

Hsin-Yen Yen 2023 [35]

− 1.20

[− 1.46, − 0.94]

97.29

Minimal

Yinghe Lin 2023 [36]

− 1.23

[− 1.50, − 0.96]

97.41

Slight increase

Wen Wei 2023 [37]

− 1.23

[− 1.50, − 0.97]

97.42

Slight increase

Lina Sun 2023 [38]

− 1.20

[− 1.46, − 0.94]

97.31

Minimal

Ke Xu 2024 [39]

− 1.22

[− 1.49, − 0.96]

97.39

Minimal

Chun-hui Ji 2024 [40]

− 1.23

[− 1.50, − 0.96]

97.42

Slight increase

Yogesh M 2024 [41]

− 1.26

[− 1.52, − 1.00]

97.24

Slight decrease

Mingrui Zou 2024 [42]

− 1.20

[− 1.47, − 0.94]

97.26

Slight decrease

Sohye Kim 2024 [43]

− 1.25

[− 1.52, − 0.99]

97.10

Moderate decrease

Yang Sun 2024 [44]

− 1.25

[− 1.52, − 0.99]

97.36

Minimal

Li Quan 2024 [45]

− 1.23

[− 1.50, − 0.96]

97.42

Slight increase

Yogesh M (2nd) 2024 [41]

− 1.28

[− 1.53, − 1.02]

97.12

Moderate decrease

Satoshi Ida 2024 [47]

− 1.22

[− 1.49, − 0.95]

97.39

Minimal

Motoya Sato 2024 [48]

− 1.26

[− 1.52, − 1.00]

97.36

Minimal

Bingmei Hou 2024 [49]

− 1.22

[− 1.48, − 0.95]

97.35

Minimal

Rimesh Pal 2024 [50]

− 1.24

[− 1.51, − 0.97]

97.42

Slight increase

Shiyue Zou 2024 [51]

− 1.26

[− 1.52, − 0.99]

97.34

Minimal