Skip to main content
Download PDF

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among traumatic patients admitted to Aseer Central Hospital, Aseer Region, Abha, Saudi Arabia: cross-sectional study

BMC Endocrine Disorders volume 25, Article number: 122 (2025) Cite this article

Abstract

Background

Traumatic injuries among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are associated with extended hospital stays and higher mortality rates.

Objectives

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of DM among traumatic patients admitted to Aseer Central Hospital, Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia.

Methods

A cross-sectional design was conducted among trauma casualties aged 18 years and older admitted to the Trauma Center of Asser Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia, for six months from July 1 to December 31, 2024. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire covered various aspects, including demographic information, smoking status, presence of chronic diseases, previous diabetes diagnoses, details of any accidents, diabetes diagnosis during the accident, and self-care practices.

Results

Three hundred and eleven trauma casualties were included with a mean age of 46.7 ± 12.9. Of them, 60.8% were men. The study found that the prevalence of diabetes among trauma casualties was 8.7%, with 48.2% incidentally discovered during the current trauma. Among diagnosed patients, 33.3% had glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels between 7.51–8.5%, 11.1% between 8.51–9.5%, and 22.2% exceeded 9.5%. The predictors of diabetes diagnosis included smoking (OR = 6.39, 95% CI = 2.08–19.63), lower levels of education levels (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.58–0.96), and a positive family history (OR = 24.9, CI = 7.96–78.36).

Conclusions

The study found an 8.7% prevalence of diabetes among trauma casualties, with nearly half discovered during the event. Factors like smoking, education, and family history of diabetes were associated with diagnosis. Routine diabetes screening is crucial for early detection and management. Targeted interventions, such as multidisciplinary care teams and telemedicine, can improve diabetes management. Further research is needed to address cultural and socioeconomic factors.

Peer Review reports

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global health problem, affecting about 537 million adults aged 20 to 79 years, which is approximately one in ten people; with about 90% classified as type 2 diabetes. This number is expected to rise to 643 million by 2030 and a staggering 783 million by 2045 [1]. Alarmingly, over 75% of adults with DM live in low- and middle-income countries, highlighting the unequal burden of the disease. DM has a significant impact beyond its prevalence, causing 6.7 million deaths in 2021, which is equivalent to a life lost every 5 s [2]. Furthermore, diabetes adversely affects quality of life, overall well-being, and an individual’s sense of self-efficacy, specifically among those with poor glycemic control [3, 4].

In the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 16.2% of adults are estimated to have DM [5]. Saudi Arabia ranks seventh worldwide in the prevalence of DM. It is estimated that over seven million people in Saudi Arabia have DM, and nearly three million have pre-diabetes [6]. Household health surveys conducted across Saudi Arabia's 13 administrative regions estimated that 8.5% of individuals aged 15 years and above have diabetes [7]. In 2021, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimated the diabetes prevalence in Saudi Arabia to be 17.7% among adults [2]. However, in 2024, there has been a notable increase in the prevalence of DM, reaching 36.1%, with a significant rate of 28.3% for pre-diabetes [8]. Saudi Arabia has a high prevalence of diabetes due to various factors such as urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, obesity, changing dietary habits, and increased life expectancy [9, 10].

Undiagnosed diabetes is a significant public health problem, and almost half of adults (20–79 years old) with diabetes are unaware of their condition [2]. Early detection of diabetes is crucial as the duration of high blood sugar levels predicts adverse outcomes, and there are effective interventions to reduce the risk of complications [11, 12]. Laboratory techniques for diabetes testing include fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels or a two-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Additionally, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Diabetes Association recommend using glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) alone (≥ 6.5% or 48 mmol/mol) for diagnosis and monitoring of people with diabetes [13, 14].

Many people with risk factors for diabetes do not have access to primary care and can be referred to the emergency department (ED). The ED plays a vital role in providing medical care to people with limited access to screening and preventive interventions, making it a potential location for opportunistic screening for diabetes. Blood glucose levels are routinely tested in the ED, particularly for high-risk individuals, further supporting the value of conducting diabetes screening in this setting [15, 16].

Traumatic injuries among individuals with DM often lead to longer hospital stays and higher mortality rates, particularly if people are undiagnosed or have poorly controlled diabetes. Motor vehicle crashes and falls are common causes of traumatic injuries and fatalities, posing significant concerns for diabetics. Research suggests that reduced mobility, cognitive impairment, and visual deficits are notable risk factors for these injuries in patients with diabetes. Similarly, diabetes complications such as reduced peripheral nerve function, impaired vision, and renal dysfunction contribute to these injuries. Moreover, these risk factors are primarily associated with hypoglycemic conditions resulting from DM itself and antidiabetic therapy [17, 18]. The complex nature of diabetes comorbidities leads to poorer outcomes in post-traumatic injury. Detecting DM in trauma patients is crucial due to the complex medical needs and increased risks they face. Prioritizing diabetes detection in this population not only enhances individual care but also optimizes resource allocation within healthcare settings [19].

Trauma patients, especially those from low-income communities, are more prone to missed diagnoses of DM due to their circumstances [20]. Given this higher probability of missed diagnoses among trauma patients, trauma centers have the potential to identify people who require better glucose management [21]. However, little is known about the current burden of DM in this specific population in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of DM among traumatic patients admitted to Aseer Central Hospital in the Aseer Region, Abha, Saudi Arabia.

Methods

Study design, setting, and population

A cross-sectional design was conducted among trauma casualties aged 18 years and above admitted to the Trauma Center, Asser Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia for six months (July 1 to December 31, 2024). Trauma causalities with disturbed levels of consciousness and those with incomplete or missing data relevant to the study objectives were excluded from the study.

Sampling technique and sample size

Participants were recruited using the convenience sampling method. The sample size was calculated using a Roasoft online calculator, with an alpha error of 0.05, a confidence level of 95%, a diabetes prevalence among trauma patients set at 17.3% [20], and a non-response rate of 20%. Consequently, the calculated minimum sample size was 262. However, a total of 311 samples were ultimately collected.

Data collection

The researchers developed the questionnaire after reviewing different studies [16,17,18, 20]. This questionnaire was completed by the researcher while interviewing trauma casualties. To ensure its validity, four professors were solicited to review and assess its clarity and relevance. The questionnaire comprises different sections. The first part of the questionnaire includes demographic data such as age, sex, marital status, monthly income, occupation, employment in the healthcare field, education level, and health insurance status. Additional details such as smoking status, the presence of chronic diseases, and previous diabetes diagnosis were also collected. The questionnaire then explores the specifics of any accidents experienced by the participants, covering previous accident history, location, severity, and general health assessment before and after the accident. It inquires about the diagnosis of diabetes during the accident. In addition, it investigates diabetes related history, including self-reported diabetes, family history of diabetes and the symptoms experienced. HbA1c testing was also performed. WHO and IDF recommend an HbA1c ≥ 6.5% cutoff point for diabetes diagnosis [13, 14]. For assessing clinical diabetes control, an HbA1c threshold of 7.5% or more to define uncontrolled diabetes, which aligns with the guidance provided by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) for managing type 2 diabetes in adults. According to NICE guidelines, intensification of therapy is recommended when HbA1c levels exceed 7.5% (58 mmol/mol), which we adopted to categorize individuals as having uncontrolled diabetes [22]. Finally, the questionnaire explores details related to self-care, including following a diet, physical activity levels, regular testing, access to healthcare services, and receiving health education or training.

Before data collection, a pilot study was conducted in a small sample of trauma survivors to assess clarity, feasibility, applicability, and completion time of the questionnaire. Adjustments and enhancements were implemented based on the findings of the pilot study before the final data collection. The participants involved in the pilot study were not included in the final analysis.

Data analysis

Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS) Statistics for Windows (Version 27.0 was used for data entry and analysis. We excluded incomplete and inconsistent participant data from the analysis. Categorical data were presented as numbers and percentages, where mean and standard deviation (SD) were used to present quantitative variables. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to assess predictors of diabetes among the studied participants, with the Odds Ratio (OR) indicating the strength of association and the Confidence Interval (CI) providing the range of certainty for the OR.To ensure the appropriateness and reliability of the logistic regression model, we performed the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test (p > 0.05 indicates a good fit) and calculated Nagelkerke R2, which explains the proportion of variance explained by the model. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Ethical considerations

The approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Saudi Ministry of Health (IRB: H- 06-B-091). The research followed the international ethical guidelines of the Helsinki Guidelines and their subsequent amendments. Participants were provided with an explanation of the study’s objectives and goals before conducting it. They were informed that their participation was voluntary. Patient confidentiality and privacy will be maintained throughout the study. Consent was taken from the participants confirming their approval of participation in the study. To maintain confidentiality, all responses were stored on a password-protected computer, accessible only to the principal investigator, guaranteeing the privacy and security of participant data.

Results

The initial sample comprised 326 trauma casualties admitted to the Trauma Center, Asser Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia, for six months from July 1 to December 31, 2024. However, we excluded the responses of 15 causalities with incomplete medical records or missing data relevant to the study objectives were excluded from the study.

Table 1 illustrates the general characteristics of trauma casualties. The mean age of the patients was 46.7 ± 12.9 years, 60.8% were males, 85.5% were married, 78.8% resided in urban areas, 20.9% had an income less than 5000 SR, 46.9% had a university education, 43.7% were employed in the governmental sector, 90.7% were not health workers, and 73.6% did not have health insurance.

Table 1 General characteristics of trauma casualties
Full size table

Table 2 shows the health-related profile of trauma casualties. Among the study participants, 11.6% were smokers, 10.9% had a history of trauma, over one third (35%) described their health as excellent, and 91.3% reported having no chronic disease. Regarding the current accident, 70.7% of them experienced the accident at home, and 57.9% described their injury as moderate.

Table 2 Health-related profile of trauma casualties
Full size table

Table 3 represents the history of diabetes related to trauma among trauma casualties. Only 5.8% experienced symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria. A positive family history of diabetes was recorded among 6.4% of the studied participants. Analyzing the results of HbA1c revealed that 8.7% of them were diabetics, and of them, 48.2% were accidentally discovered during the current trauma, and 66.7% were uncontrolled (HbA1c ≥ 7.5). Regarding self-care activities, 9.3% had regular diabetes screening and 11.6% had access to health care.

Table 3 Diabetes-related history among trauma casualties
Full size table

Table 4 presents a logistic regression of the presence of diagnosed diabetes among trauma casualties. Smoking is a predictor of diagnosis of DM among trauma casualties (OR = 6.39, 95%CI = 2.08 −19.63). Being a smoker increased the probability of having DM among trauma patients six times. Additionally, people with higher education have a lower likelihood of diagnosis of DM among trauma casualties (OR = 0.75, 95%CI = 0.58–0.96). Furthermore, a positive family history of diabetes greatly increases the odds of the diagnosis of DM among trauma casualties. (OR = 42.9, 95%CI = 7.96–78.36). However, age and sex were not significant predictors of diabetes diagnosis among trauma casualties. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test indicated a good fit (p = 0.880), and the model explained 33.9% of the variance in diabetes status (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.339).

Table 4 Logistic regression of the presence of diabetes among trauma casualties
Full size table

Discussion

The prevalence of DM among trauma casualties in the present study, as determined by HbA1c results, was 8.7%; of them, 48.2% were accidentally discovered during the current trauma. On the other hand, Massey et al. [20] recorded that 17.3% of the trauma patients were diabetic; of them, 30% were undiagnosed or had poorly controlled DM. In another study, when ED records of an urban Australian public hospital were analyzed, 38.4% of patients were recorded as diabetics. Among those with diabetes, 32.2% were previously undiagnosed [15]. Variations in the prevalence of diabetes among trauma patients in different studies can be attributed to factors such as differences in study populations, diagnostic criteria, healthcare access, geographical variability, and sampling methods. Demographics, diagnostic methods, awareness of healthcare, regional disparities, and study designs play a role in the reported prevalence rates. These findings highlight the importance of screening for diabetes as a routine clinical practice among trauma patients.

HbA1c is a widely used indicator for assessing long-term glycemic control in individuals with diabetes. Clinical control in patients with diabetes is considered suboptimal if the HbA1c level is ≥ 7.5% [22, 23]. The present study revealed that among previously and accidentally diagnosed diabetic patients, 66.7% had HbA1c levels ≥ 7.5. Similarly, other studies reported that nearly two-thirds of diabetes cases had uncontrolled glycaemia [24, 25]. According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) [26], HbA1c levels below 7% are generally recommended for most adults with diabetes to reduce the risk of complications. The results of this study indicate that a considerable proportion of diabetic patients may have HbA1c levels above the recommended target range. Poor glycemic control is associated with an increased risk of diabetes-related microvascular and macrovascular complications [27, 28] Hence, it is crucial to address and optimize glycemic control in diabetic trauma patients.

Multifaceted interventions, encompassing lifestyle modifications and health education, have been extensively studied and proven effective in both preventing the occurrence of diabetes and managing the disease among individuals already diagnosed. These interventions play a crucial role in lowering HbA1c levels and reducing the risk of complications among diabetic patients [29]. However, similar to other reports [30], the present study revealed a low practice of these activities among the participants. This finding suggests a gap in the implementation of lifestyle modifications and health education interventions in the population studied. It highlights the importance of developing and implementing targeted interventions to promote and support these activities among individuals who have experienced trauma, particularly diabetics.

The study found that a small percentage (5.8%) of trauma casualties experienced symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria, which are common symptoms of diabetes. This indicates that the presence of these symptoms alone may not be sufficient to detect DM in trauma patients. In agreement, Pawar et al. [31] reported that the diagnostic accuracy of the presence of these classical diabetes symptoms is limited.

The study identified several factors associated with the diagnosis of diabetes among trauma casualties. Smoking was found to be positively associated with diabetes diagnosis. This finding is consistent with previous research linking smoking with an increased risk of trauma [32]. Furthermore, people with higher levels of education had a lower probability of diagnosis of diabetes, indicating that education can play a role in the prevention and treatment of diabetes [33]. The presence of a positive family history of diabetes significantly increased the odds of diabetes diagnosis among trauma casualties. Additionally, a positive family history of diabetes was recorded in 6.4% of participants. This finding underscores the importance of considering family history as a risk factor for diabetes and supports the need for targeted screening in individuals with a family history of the disease [34].

This study possesses several strengths, including its relevance to public health by focusing on the early detection of DM among trauma patients, a group that often lacks regular access to primary care and screening. The comprehensive data collection through interviewer-administered questionnaires ensures detailed demographic, lifestyle, and medical information, enhancing the robustness of the analysis. The study's emphasis on opportunistic screening in emergency departments highlights a critical intervention point for high-risk populations. However, the study also has limitations, such as its cross-sectional design, which limits causal inferences, and the use of convenience sampling, which may introduce selection bias. The single-center nature of the study restricts the generalizability of the results and reliance on self-reported data can lead to inaccuracies. Despite these limitations, the study offers significant information on the prevalence and predictors of diabetes among trauma patients, providing a foundation for future research and public health interventions. To overcome limitations, future research should shift to longitudinal designs for causal insights, opt for random sampling over convenience sampling to mitigate bias, conduct multicenter studies for broader applicability, and blend self-reported data with objective measures for accuracy.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the study revealed an 8.7% prevalence of diabetes among trauma casualties, with nearly half of the cases being incidentally discovered during the trauma event. The study highlighted suboptimal glycemic control among patients with diagnosed diabetic trauma and identified a low practice of healthy lifestyle modifications. Factors such as smoking, higher education levels, and a positive family history of diabetes were associated with the diagnosis of diabetes among trauma casualties. This study emphasizes the importance of routine diabetes screening among trauma patients to ensure early detection and prompt management. Addressing suboptimal glycemic control is crucial to reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications in this population. The study underscores the need for targeted interventions to promote healthy lifestyle modifications. Implementing evidence-based interventions like multidisciplinary care teams, structured diabetes education programs, nutrition counseling, physical activity initiatives, support groups, and telemedicine can significantly improve diabetes management among trauma patients. By integrating these strategies into trauma care settings, healthcare providers can provide comprehensive support, empower patients with self-management skills, promote healthy lifestyle choices, and ensure ongoing monitoring and follow-up after injury. In addition, more research is warranted to develop tailored approaches that address the specific needs of trauma patients with diabetes, taking into account cultural and socioeconomic factors.

Data availability

All data are available upon request from the corresponding author.

References

  1. Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N, et al. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9(th) edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;157:107843.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Ogurtsova K, Guariguata L, Barengo NC, Ruiz PLD, Sacre JW, Karuranga S, et al. IDF diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of undiagnosed diabetes in adults for 2021. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;183:109118.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Alshaikhi SA, Alfaqih FH, Alrashdi AK, Alamri FA, Alzubaidi AS, Alnashri AI, et al. Assessment of self-efficacy, quality of life, and well-being of patients with diabetes mellitus in Alqunfudah, Saudi Arabia. BMC Endocr Disord. 2025;25(1):91. https://doiorg.publicaciones.saludcastillayleon.es/10.1186/s12902-025-01894-4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Alshaikh AA, Al-Qahtani FS, Alqahtani SAM, AlFarhan AA, Al Nuwayhidh AM, Madkhali AM, et al. Exploring the self-efficacy of patients with diabetes: its role as a predictor of diabetes management and well-being. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;21(15):1347396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. IDF. International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes facets and figures. 2021. p. 9–14 . Available from: https://idf.org/about-diabetes/diabetes-facts-figures/. Cited 2024 Apr 1.

  6. Abdulaziz Al Dawish M, Alwin Robert A, Braham R, Abdallah Al Hayek A, Al Saeed A, Ahmed Ahmed R, et al. Diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia: a review of the recent literature. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2016;12(4):359–68.

  7. Alqahtani B, Elnaggar RK, Alshehri MM, Khunti K, Alenazi A. National and regional prevalence rates of diabetes in Saudi Arabia: analysis of national survey data. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 2023;43(3):392–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Alshaikhi SA, Alamri AM, Alzilai IY, Alghanimi AA, Alrufaidi AM, Alrufaidi AM, et al. Diabetes and prediabetes prevalence through a community-based screening initiative in Alqunfudah, Saudi Arabia. Future Sci OA. 2024;10(1):FSO946.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Aljulifi MZ. Prevalence and reasons of increased type 2 diabetes in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries. Saudi Med J. 2021;42(5):481 LP – 490.

  10. Mahfouz AA, Alsaleem SA, Alsaleem MA, Ghazy RM. medicina Prevalence of obesity and associated dietary habits among medical students at King Khalid University, Southwestern Saudi Arabia. 2024.

  11. Farag Mohamed H, Allam MM, Hamdy NA, Ghazy RM, Emara RH. A Community Pharmacy-Based Intervention in the Matrix of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Outcomes (CPBI-T2DM): a cluster randomized controlled trial. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes. 2021;14. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/11795514211056307. Cited 2025 Apr 6.

  12. Alshaikhi SA, Alamri AM, Alzilai IY, Alghanimi AA, Alrufaidi AM, Alrufaidi AM, et al. Diabetes and prediabetes prevalence through a community-based screening initiative in Alqunfudah, Saudi Arabia. Future Sci OA. 2024;10(1). Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2144/fsoa-2023-0208.Cited 2025 Apr 6.

  13. Committee ADAPP. 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes—2022. Diabetes Care. 2021;45(Supplement_1):S17–38.

  14. World Health Organization. "Use of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus abbreviated report of a WHO consultation." Use of Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus Abbreviated Report of a WHO Consultation. 2011:25–25.

  15. Hng TM, Hor A, Ravi S, Feng X, Lin J, Astell-Burt T, et al. Diabetes case finding in the emergency department, using HbA1c: an opportunity to improve diabetes detection, prevention, and care. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2016;4(1):e000191.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Levi OU, Webb F, Simmons D. Diabetes detection and communication among patients admitted through the emergency department of a public hospital. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(3):1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Hsu IL, Hou WH, Chang YH, Li CY. Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the severity of non-fatal injuries, but not the risk of fatal injuries, among driver victims of motor vehicle crashes in Taiwan. Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. El-Menyar A, Mekkodathil A, Al-Thani H. Traumatic injuries in patients with diabetes mellitus. J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2016;9(2):64–72.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. He K, Hemmila MR, Cain-Nielsen AH, Machado-Aranda DA, Frydrych LM, Delano MJ. Complications and resource utilization in trauma patients with diabetes. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(8):e0221414.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Massey AC, Dunbar EG, Lee YLL, Mbaka M, Kinnard CM, Bright AC, et al. Incidence and outcomes of undiagnosed and untreated diabetes mellitus in trauma patients. Am Surg. 2023;89(7):3243–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Hart BSK, Thames BSMA, Massey BSAC, Capasso MDT, Lee MDYL, Mbaka MDM, et al. Diabetes in trauma patients: a potential gateway to a medical home. Am Surg{\texttrademark}. 2024;90:1849–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. National Institute of Clinical and Care Excellence (NICE). Type 2 diabetes in adults: management. 2022. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng28/chapter/1-recommendationse.

  23. Jude EB, Nixon M, O’Leary C, Myland M, Gooch N, Shaunik A, et al. Evaluating glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes suboptimally controlled on basal insulin: UK ATTAIN Real-World Study. Diabetes Ther. 2019;10(5):1847–58.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Pattnaik S, Ausvi SM, Salgar A, Sharma D. Treatment compliance among previously diagnosed type 2 diabetics in a rural area in Southern India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019;8(3):919–22.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Unnikrishnan R, Anjana RM, Deepa M, Pradeepa R, Joshi SR, Bhansali A, et al. Glycemic control among individuals with self-reported diabetes in India—the ICMR–INDIAB study. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2014;16(9):596–603.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Committee ADAPP. 6. Glycemic targets: standards of medical care in diabetes—2022. Diabetes Care. 2021;45(Supplement_1):S83–96.

  27. Kharroubi AT, Darwish HM. Diabetes mellitus: the epidemic of the century. World J Diabetes. 2015;6(6):850–67.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Alshaikh AA, Alshehri AAA, Alshehri AZA, Alobaid AS, Mohammed AA, Saeed F Alshahrani T, et al. Prevalence of gastrointestinal manifestations among diabetic patients in the Aseer region: a cross-sectional study. Medicine. 2024;103(39). Available from: https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2024/09270/prevalence_of_gastrointestinal_manifestations.54.aspx.

  29. Sugandh F, Chandio M, Raveena F, Kumar L, Karishma F, Khuwaja S, et al. Advances in the management of diabetes mellitus: a focus on personalized medicine. Cureus. 2023;15(8):e43697.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Chepulis L, Morison B, Keenan R, Paul R, Lao C, Lawrenson R. The epidemiology of diabetes in the Waikato region: an analysis of primary care data. J Prim Health Care. 2021;13(1):44–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Pawar SD, Thakur P, Radhe BK, Jadhav H, Behere V, Pagar V. The accuracy of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and Indian Diabetes Risk Score in adults screened for diabetes mellitus type-II. Med J Dr DY Patil Univ. 2017;10(3):263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Ferro T, Goslar P, Romanovsky A, Petersen S. Smoking in trauma patients: the effects on the incidence of sepsis, respiratory failure, organ failure, and mortality. J Trauma. 2010;1(69):308–12.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Garg R. Diabetes education & prevention. Indian J Med Res. 2013;138:820–3 India.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Valdez R. Detecting undiagnosed type 2 diabetes: family history as a risk factor and screening tool. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009;3(4):722–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The research team expressed unlimited gratitude to the respondents who provided us with their time and agreed to participate in our study.

Clinical trial number

Not applicable.

Funding

This study received no external funding.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ministry of Health, Joint Program of Family Medicine Abha Aseer Region, Abha, Saudi Arabia

    Majed Mohammed Al Saleh, Bandar A. Alasmari, Ali Mohammed AlAmri, Mohammed Mabkhoot Mogbel, Ali Saeed Alasmary, Alhussein Ali Almonawar, Saeed Doos S. Almontashri, Hassan Mussa Al Mojamad, Turki Abdullah Al Qahtani & Abdulrahman Mohammed Alshehri

  2. Head of Orthopedic Surgery Department Aseer Central Hospital Abha, Abha, Saudi Arabia

    Ibrahim Mohammed I. Almoftery

Authors
  1. Majed Mohammed Al Saleh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bandar A. Alasmari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ali Mohammed AlAmri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mohammed Mabkhoot Mogbel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ali Saeed Alasmary
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  6. Alhussein Ali Almonawar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  7. Saeed Doos S. Almontashri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  8. Hassan Mussa Al Mojamad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  9. Turki Abdullah Al Qahtani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  10. Abdulrahman Mohammed Alshehri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  11. Ibrahim Mohammed I. Almoftery
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

M.M.A Conceptualization, B.A.A Methodology, A.M.A Project administration, M.M.M Supervision, A.S.Al Visualization, and H.M.Al Validation, T.A.Al Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, A.Mo.Al Visualization, A.I.M.I Validation. All authors contributed to data analysis, drafting, or revising the article, gave final approval of the version to be published, agreed to the submitted journal, and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ali Mohammed AlAmri.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Saudi Ministry of Health (IRB: H- 06-B-091). Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants to confirm their approval of participation in the study.

Consent for publication

Not Applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Al Saleh, M.M., Alasmari, B.A., AlAmri, A.M. et al. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among traumatic patients admitted to Aseer Central Hospital, Aseer Region, Abha, Saudi Arabia: cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 25, 122 (2025). https://doiorg.publicaciones.saludcastillayleon.es/10.1186/s12902-025-01949-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doiorg.publicaciones.saludcastillayleon.es/10.1186/s12902-025-01949-6

Keywords

BMC Endocrine Disorders

ISSN: 1472-6823

Contact us